Alignments and Linkages

The alignments and interlinkages are taken from the InforMEA Goals Section. See further information

Input

Preamble
Article 1 – Definitions
Article 2 – General provisions
Article 2 – General provisions
Article 3 – General obligations
Article 3 – General obligations
Article 4 – Establishment of protected areas
Article 4 – Establishment of protected areas
- Paragraph 1.
- Paragraph 2.
  
  Paragraph 2.
  Subparagraph (a)
  Subparagraph (b)
  Subparagraph (c)
  Subparagraph (d)
Article 5 – Protection measures
Article 5 – Protection measures
- Paragraph 1.
- Paragraph 2.
  
  Paragraph 2.
  Subparagraph (a)
  Subparagraph (b)
  Subparagraph (c)
  Subparagraph (d)
  Subparagraph (e)
  Subparagraph (f)
  Subparagraph (g)
  Subparagraph (h)
  Subparagraph (i)
  Subparagraph (j)
  Subparagraph (k)
  Subparagraph (l)
  Subparagraph (m)
Article 6 – Planning and management regime for protected areas
Article 6 – Planning and management regime for protected areas
- Paragraph 1.
- Paragraph 2.
  
  Paragraph 2.
  Subparagraph (a)
  Subparagraph (b)
  Subparagraph (c)
  Subparagraph (d)
  Subparagraph (e)
  Subparagraph (f)
  Subparagraph (g)
  Subparagraph (h)
  Subparagraph (i)
Article 7 – Co-operation programme for, and listing of, protected areas
Article 7 – Co-operation programme for, and listing of, protected areas
Article 8 – Establishment of buffer zones
Article 9 – Protected areas and buffer zones contiguous to international boundaries
Article 9 – Protected areas and buffer zones contiguous to international boundaries
Article 10 – National measures for the protection of wild flora and fauna
Article 10 – National measures for the protection of wild flora and fauna
Article 11 – Co-operative measures for the protection of wild flora and fauna
Article 11 – Co-operative measures for the protection of wild flora and fauna
Article 12 – Introduction of non-indigenous or genetically altered species
Article 13 – Environmental impact assessment
Article 13 – Environmental impact assessment
- Paragraph 1.
- Paragraph 2.
Article 14 – Exemptions for traditional activities
Article 14 – Exemptions for traditional activities
- Paragraph 1.
  
  Paragraph 1.
  Subparagraph (a)
  Subparagraph (b)
- Paragraph 2.
Article 15 – Changes in the status of protected areas or protected species
Article 15 – Changes in the status of protected areas or protected species
- Paragraph 1.
- Paragraph 2.
Article 16 – Publicity, information, public awareness and education
Article 16 – Publicity, information, public awareness and education
- Paragraph 1.
- Paragraph 2.
Article 17 – Scientific, technical and management research
Article 17 – Scientific, technical and management research
Article 18 – Mutual assistance
Article 18 – Mutual assistance
- Paragraph 1.
- Paragraph 2.
Article 19 – Notifications and reports to the Organization
Article 19 – Notifications and reports to the Organization
Article 20 – Scientific and Technical Advisory Committee
Article 20 – Scientific and Technical Advisory Committee
Article 21 – Establishment of common guidelines and criteria
Article 21 – Establishment of common guidelines and criteria
- Paragraph 1.
  
  Paragraph 1.
  Subparagraph (a)
  Subparagraph (b)
  Subparagraph (c)
  Subparagraph (d)
- Paragraph 2.
Article 22 – Institutional arrangements
Article 22 – Institutional arrangements
- Paragraph 1.
- Paragraph 2.
  
  Paragraph 2.
  Subparagraph (a)
  Subparagraph (b)
  Subparagraph (c)
  Subparagraph (d)
  Subparagraph (e)
  Subparagraph (f)
  Subparagraph (g)
  Subparagraph (h)
Article 23 – Meetings of the Parties
Article 23 – Meetings of the Parties
- Paragraph 1.
- Paragraph 2.
  
  Paragraph 2.
  Subparagraph (a)
  Subparagraph (b)
  Subparagraph (c)
  Subparagraph (d)
  Subparagraph (e)
  Subparagraph (f)
  Subparagraph (g)
  Subparagraph (h)
  Subparagraph (i)
Article 24 – Funding
Article 25 – Relationship to other conventions dealing with the special protection of wildlife
Article 26 – Transitional clause
Article 27 – Entry into force
Article 27 – Entry into force
- Paragraph 1.
- Paragraph 2.
Article 28 – Signature
Annex I
Annex II
Annex III
Annex III
- Flora
Annex IV

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Protocol Concerning Specially Protected Areas and Wildlife to the Convention for the Protection and Development of the Marine Environment of the Wider Caribbean Region

The Contracting Parties to this Protocol,Being Parties to the Convention for the Protection and Development of the Marine Environment of the Wider Caribbean Region, done at Cartagena de Indias on 24 March 1983,Taking into account Article 10 of the Convention which requires the establishment of specially protected areas,Having regard to the special hydro-graphic, biotic and ecological characteristics of the Wider Caribbean Region,Conscious of the grave threat posed by ill-conceived development options to the integrity of the marine and coastal environment of the Wider Caribbean Region,Recognizing that protection and maintenance of the environment of the Wider Caribbean Region are essential to sustainable development within the region,Conscious of the overwhelming ecological, economic, aesthetic, scientific, cultural, nutritional and recreational value of rare or fragile ecosystems and native flora and fauna to the Wider Caribbean Region,Recognizing that the Wider Caribbean Region constitutes an interconnected group of ecosystems in which an environmental threat in one part represents a potential threat in other parts,Stressing the importance of establishing regional co-operation to protect and, as appropriate, to restore and improve the state of ecosystems, as well as threatened and endangered species and their habitats in the Wider Caribbean Region by, among other means, the establishment of protected areas in the marine areas and their associated ecosystems,Recognizing that the establishment and management of such protected areas and the protection of threatened and endangered species will enhance the cultural heritage and values of the countries and territories in the Wider Caribbean Region and bring increased economic and ecological benefits to them,Have agreed as follows:

Article 1 – Definitions

For the purposes of this Protocol:(a)"Convention" means the Convention for the Protection and Development of the Marine Environment of the Wider Caribbean Region (Cartagena, de Indias, Colombia, March 1983);(b)"Action Plan" means the Action Plan for the Caribbean Environment Programme (Montego Bay, April 1981);(c)"Wider Caribbean Region" has the meaning given to the term "the Convention area" in Article 2(1) of the Convention, and in addition, includes for the purposes of this Protocol:(i)waters on the landward side of the baseline from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured and extending, in the case of water courses, up to the fresh water limit; and(ii)such related terrestrial areas (including watersheds) as may be designated by the Party having sovereignty and jurisdiction over such areas:(d)"Organization" means the body referred to in Article 2(2) of the Convention;(e)"Protected area" means the areas accorded protection pursuant to article 4 of this Protocol;(f)"Endangered species" are species or sub-species of fauna and flora, or their populations, that are in danger of extinction throughout all or part of their range and whose survival is unlikely if the factors jeopardizing them continue to operate;(g)"Threatened species" are species or sub-species of fauna and flora , or their populations:(i)that are likely to become endangered within the foreseeable future throughout all or part of their range if the factors causing numerical decline or habitat degradation continue to operate; or(ii)that are rare because they are usually localized within restricted geographical areas or habitats or are thinly scattered over a more extensive range and which are potentially or actually subject to decline and possible endangerment or extinction.(h)"Protected species" are species or sub-species of fauna and flora, or their populations, accorded protection pursuant to Article 10 of this Protocol;(i)"Endemic species" are species or sub-species of fauna and flora, or their populations, whose distribution is restricted to a limited geographical area;(j)"Annex I" means the annex to the Protocol containing the agreed list of species of marine and coastal flora that fall within the categories defined in Article 1 and that require the protection measures indicated in Article 11(1) (a). The annex may include terrestrial species as provided for in Article 1(c)(ii);(k)"Annex II" means the annex to the Protocol containing the agreed list of species of marine and coastal fauna that fall within the category defined in Article 1 and that require the protection measures indicated in Article 11(1) (b). The annex may include terrestrial species as provided for in Article 1(c)(ii); and(l)"Annex III" means the annex to the Protocol containing the agreed list of species of marine and coastal flora and fauna that may be utilized on a rational and sustainable basis and that require the protection measures indicated in Article 11(1) (c). The Annex may include terrestrial species as provided for in Article 1(c) (ii).

Article 2 – General provisions

1.This Protocol shall apply to the Wider Caribbean Region as defined in Article 1(c).

2.The provisions of the Convention relating to its Protocols shall apply to this Protocol, including in particular, paragraphs 2 and 3 of Article 3 of the Convention.

3.The present Protocol shall not apply to warships or other ships owned or operated by a State while engaged in government non-commercial service. Nevertheless, each Party shall ensure through the adoption of appropriate measures that do not hinder the operation or operational capacities of vessels they own or operate, that they adhere to the terms of the present Protocol in so far as is reasonable and feasible.

Article 3 – General obligations

1.Each Party to this Protocol shall, in accordance with its laws and regulations and the terms of the Protocol, take the necessary measures to protect, preserve and manage in a sustainable way, within areas of the Wider Caribbean Region in which it exercises sovereignty, or sovereign rights or jurisdiction:

(a)areas that require protection to safeguard their special value; and

(b)threatened or endangered species of flora and fauna.

2.Each Party shall regulate and, where necessary, prohibit activities having adverse effects on these areas and species. Each Party shall endeavour to co-operate in the enforcement of these measures, without prejudice to the sovereignty, or sovereign rights or jurisdiction of other Parties. Any measures taken by such Party to enforce or to attempt to enforce the measures agreed pursuant to this Protocol shall be limited to those within the competence of such Party and shall be in accordance with international law.

3.Each Party, to the extent possible, consistent with each Party's legal system, shall manage species of fauna and flora with the objective of preventing species from becoming endangered or threatened.

Article 4 – Establishment of protected areas

1.Each Party shall, when necessary, establish protected areas in areas over which it exercises sovereignty, or sovereign rights or jurisdiction, with a view to sustaining the natural resources of the Wider Caribbean Region, and encouraging ecologically sound and appropriate use, understanding and enjoyment of these areas, in accordance with the objectives and characteristics of each of them.

2.Such areas shall be established in order to conserve, maintain and restore, in particular:

(a)Representative types of coastal and marine ecosystems of adequate size to ensure their long-term viability and to maintain biological and genetic diversity;

(b)Habitats and their associated ecosystems critical to the survival and recovery of endangered, threatened or endemic species of flora or fauna;

(c)The productivity of ecosystems and natural resources that provide economic or social benefits and upon which the welfare of local inhabitants is dependent; and

(d)Areas of special biological, ecological, educational, scientific, historic, cultural, recreational, archaeological, aesthetic, or economic value, including in particular, areas whose ecological and biological processes are essential to the functioning of the Wider Caribbean ecosystems.

Article 5 – Protection measures

1.Each Party taking into account the characteristics of each protected area over which it exercises sovereignty, or sovereign rights or jurisdiction, shall, in conformity with its national laws and regulations and with international law, progressively take such measures as are necessary and practicable to achieve the objectives for which the protected area was established.

2.Such measures should include, as appropriate:

(a)the regulation or prohibition of the dumping or discharge of wastes and other substances that may endanger protected areas;

(b)the regulation or prohibition of coastal disposal or discharges causing pollution, emanating from coastal establishments and developments, outfall structures or any other sources within their territories;

(c)the regulation of the passage of ships, of any stopping or anchoring, and of other ship activities, that would have significant adverse environmental effects on the protected area, without prejudice to the rights of innocent passage, transit passage, archipelagic sea lanes passage and freedom of navigation, in accordance with international law;

(d)the regulation or prohibition of fishing, hunting, taking or harvesting of endangered or threatened species of fauna and flora and their parts or products;

(e)the prohibition of activities that result in the destruction of endangered or threatened species of fauna or flora and their parts and products, and the regulation of any other activity likely to harm or disturb such species, their habitats or associated ecosystems;

(f)the regulation or prohibition of the introduction of non-indigenous species;

(g)the regulation or prohibition of any activity involving the exploration or exploitation of the sea-bed or its subsoil or a modification of the sea-bed profile;

(h)the regulation or prohibition of any activity involving modification of the profile of the soil that could affect watersheds, denudation and other forms of degradation of watersheds, or the exploration or exploitation of the subsoil of the land part of a marine protected area;

(i)the regulation of any archaeological activity and of the removal or damage of any object which may be considered as an archaeological object;

(j)the regulation or prohibition of trade in, and import and export of threatened or endangered species of fauna or their parts, products, or eggs, and of threatened or endangered species of flora or their parts or products, and archaeological objects that originate in protected areas;

(k)the regulation or prohibition of industrial activities and of other activities which are not compatible with the uses that have been envisaged for the area by national measures and/or environmental impact assessments pursuant to Article 13;

(l)the regulation of tourist and recreational activities that might endanger the ecosystems of protected areas or the survival of threatened or endangered species of flora and fauna; and

(m)any other measure aimed at conserving, protecting or restoring natural processes, ecosystems or populations for which the protected areas were established.

Article 6 – Planning and management regime for protected areas

1.In order to maximize the benefits from protected areas and to ensure the effective implementation of the measures set out in Article 5, each Party shall adopt and implement planning, management and enforcement measures for protected areas over which it exercises sovereignty, or sovereign rights or jurisdiction. In this regard, each Party shall take into account the guidelines and criteria formulated by the Scientific and Technical Advisory Committee as provided for in Article 21 and which have been adopted by meetings of the Parties.

2.Such measures should include:

(a)the formulation and adoption of appropriate management guidelines for protected areas;

(b)the development and adoption of a management plan that specifies the legal and institutional framework and the management and protection measures applicable to an area or areas;

(c)the conduct of scientific research on, and monitoring of, user impacts, ecological processes, habitats, species and populations; and the undertaking of activities aimed at improved management;

(d)the development of public awareness and education programmes for users, decision-makers and the public to enhance their appreciation and understanding of protected areas and the objectives for which they were established;

(e)the active involvement of local communities, as appropriate, in the planning and management of protected areas, including assistance to, and training of local inhabitants who may be affected by the establishment of protected areas;

(f)the adoption of mechanisms for financing the development and effective management of protected areas and facilitating programmes of mutual assistance;

(g)contingency plans for responding to incidents that could cause or threaten to cause damage to protected areas including their resources;

(h)procedures to permit, regulate or otherwise authorize activities compatible with the objectives for which the protected areas were established; and

(i)the development of qualified managers and technical personnel, as well as appropriate infrastructure.

Article 7 – Co-operation programme for, and listing of, protected areas

1.The Parties shall establish co-operation programmes within the framework of the Convention and the Action Plan and in accordance with their sovereignty, or sovereign rights or jurisdiction to further the objectives of the Protocol.

2.A co-operation programme will be established to support the listing of protected areas. It will assist with the selection, establishment, planning, management and conservation of protected areas, and shall create a network of protected areas. To this end, the Parties shall establish a list of protected areas. The Parties shall:

(a)recognize the particular importance of listed areas to the Wider Caribbean Region;

(b)accord priority to listed areas for scientific and technical research pursuant to Article 17;

(c)accord priority to listed areas for mutual assistance pursuant to Article 18; and

(d)not authorize or undertake activities that would undermine the purposes for which a listed area was created.

3.The procedures for the establishment of the list of protected areas are as follows:

(a)The Party that exercises sovereignty, or sovereign rights or jurisdiction over a protected area shall nominate it to be included in the list of protected areas. Such nominations will be made in accordance with the guideline and criteria concerning the identification, selection, establishment, management, protection, and any other matter adopted by the Parties pursuant to Article 21. Each Party making a nomination shall provide the Scientific and Technical Advisory Committee through the Organization with the necessary supporting documentation, including in particular, the information noted in Article 19(2); and

(b)After the Scientific and Technical Advisory Committee evaluates the nomination and supporting documentation, it will advise the Organization as to whether the nomination fulfills the common guidelines and criteria established pursuant to Article 21. If these guidelines and criteria have been met, the Organization will advise the Meeting of Contracting Parties who will include the nomination in the List of Protected Areas.

Article 8 – Establishment of buffer zones

Each Party to this Protocol may, as necessary, strengthen the protection of a protected area by establishing, within areas in which it exercises sovereignty, or sovereign rights or jurisdiction, one or more buffer zones in which activities are less restricted than in the protected area while remaining compatible with achieving the purposes of the protected area.

Article 9 – Protected areas and buffer zones contiguous to international boundaries

1.If a Party intends to establish a protected area or a buffer zone contiguous to the frontier or to the limits of the zone of national jurisdiction of another Party, the two Parties shall consult each other with a view to reaching agreement on the measures to be taken and shall, inter alia, examine the possibility of the establishment by the other Party of a corresponding contiguous protected area or buffer zone or the adoption by it of any other appropriate measures including co-operative management programmes.

2.If a Party intends to establish a protected area or a buffer zone contiguous to the frontier or to the limits of the zone of national jurisdiction of a State that is not a Party to this Protocol, the Party shall endeavour to work together with the competent authorities of that State with a view to holding the consultations referred to in paragraph 1.

3.Whenever it becomes known to a Party that a non-Party intends to establish a protected area or a buffer zone contiguous to the frontier or to the limits of the zone of national jurisdiction of a Party to this Protocol, the latter shall endeavour to work together with that State with a view to holding the consultations referred to in paragraph 1.

4.If contiguous protected areas and/or buffer zones are established by one Party and by a State that is not a Party to this Protocol, the former should attempt, where possible, to achieve conformity with the provisions of the Convention and its Protocols.

Article 10 – National measures for the protection of wild flora and fauna

1.Each Party shall identify endangered or threatened species of flora and fauna within areas over which it exercises sovereignty, or sovereign rights or jurisdiction, and accord protected status to such species. Each Party shall regulate and prohibit according to its laws and regulations, where appropriate, activities having adverse effects on such species or their habitats and ecosystems, and carry out species recovery, management, planning and other measures to effect the survival of such species. Each Party, in keeping with its legal system, shall also take appropriate actions to prevent species from becoming endangered or threatened.

2.With respect to protected species of flora and their parts and products, each Party, in conformity with its laws and regulations, shall regulate, and where appropriate, prohibit all forms of destruction and disturbance, including the picking, collecting, cutting, uprooting or possession of, or commercial trade in, such species.

3.With respect to protected species of fauna, each Party, in conformity with its laws and regulations, shall regulate, and where appropriate, prohibit:

(a)the taking, possession or killing (including, to the extent possible, the incidental taking, possession or killing) or commercial trade in such species or their parts or products; and

(b)to the extent possible, the disturbance of wild fauna, particularly during the period of breeding, incubation, estivation or migration, as well as other periods of biological stress.

4.Each Party shall formulate and adopt policies and plans for the management of captive breeding of protected fauna and propagation of protected flora.

5.The Parties shall, in addition to the measures specified in paragraph 3, co-ordinate their efforts, through bilateral or multilateral actions, including if necessary, any treaties for the protection and recovery of migratory species whose range extends into areas under their sovereignty, or sovereign rights or jurisdiction.

6.The Parties shall endeavour to consult with range States that are not Parties to this Protocol, with a view to co-ordinating their efforts to manage and protect endangered or threatened migratory species.

7.The Parties shall make provisions, where possible, for the repatriation of protected species exported illegally. Efforts should be made by Parties to reintroduce such species to the wild, or if unsuccessful, make provision for their use in scientific studies or for public education purposes.

8.The measures which Parties take under this Article are subject to their obligations under Article 11 and shall in no way derogate from such obligations.

Article 11 – Co-operative measures for the protection of wild flora and fauna

1.The Parties shall adopt co-operative measures to ensure the protection and recovery of endangered and threatened species of flora and fauna listed in Annexes I, II and III of the present Protocol.

(a)The Parties shall adopt all appropriate measures to ensure the protection and recovery of species of flora listed in Annex I. For this purpose, each Party shall prohibit all forms of destraction or disturbance, including the picking, collecting, cutting, uprooting or possession of, or commercial trade in such species, their seeds, parts or products. They shall regulate activities, to the extent possible that could have harmful effects on the habitats of the species.

(b)Each Party shall ensure total protection and recovery to the species of fauna listed in Annex II by prohibiting:

(i)the taking, possession or killing (including, to the extent possible, the incidental taking, possession or killing) or commercial trade in such species, their eggs, parts or products.

(ii)to the extent possible, the disturbance of such species, particularly during periods of breeding, incubation, estivation or migration, as well as other periods of biological stress.

(c)Each Party shall adopt appropriate measures to ensure the protection and recovery of the species of flora and fauna listed in Annex III and may regulate the use of such species in order to ensure and maintain their populations at the highest possible levels. With regard to the species listed in Annex III, each Party shall, in co-operation with other Parties, formulate, adopt and implement plans for the management and use of such species, including:

(i)For species of fauna:

(a)the prohibition of all non-selective means of capture, killing, hunting and fishing and of all actions likely to cause local disappearance of a species or serious disturbance of its tranquility;

(b)the institution of closed hunting and fishing seasons and of other measures for maintaining their populations;

(c)the regulation of the taking, possession, transport or sale or dead species, their eggs, parts or products;

(ii)For species of flora, including their parts or products, the regulation of their collection, harvest and commercial trade.

2.Each Party may adopt exemptions to the prohibitions prescribed for the protection and recovery of the species listed in Annexes I and II for scientific, education or management purposes necessary to ensure the survival of the species or to prevent significant damage to forests or crops. Such exemptions shall not jeopardize the species and shall be reported to the Organization in order for the Scientific and Technical Advisory Committee to assess the pertinence of the exemptions granted.

3.The Parties also shall:

(a)accord priority to species contained in the annexes for scientific and technical research pursuant to Article 17;

(b)accord priority to species contained in the annexes for mutual assistance pursuant to Article 18.

4.The procedures to amend the annexes shall be as follows:

(a)any Party may nominate an endangered or threatened species of flora or fauna for inclusion in or deletion from these annexes, and shall submit to the Scientific and Technical Advisory Committee, through the Organization, supporting documentation, including, in particular, the information noted in Article 19. Such nomination will be made in accordance with the guidelines and criteria adopted by the Parties pursuant to Article 21;

(b)the Scientific and Technical Advisory Committee shall review and evaluate the nominations and supporting documentation and shall report its views to the meetings of Parties held pursuant to Article 23;

(c)the Parties shall review the nominations, supporting documentation and the reports of the Scientific and Technical Advisory Committee. A species shall be listed in the annexes by consensus, if possible, and if not, by a three-quarters majority vote of the Parties present and voting, taking fully into account the advice of the Scientific and Technical Advisory Committee that the nomination and supporting documentation meet the common guidelines and criteria established pursuant to Article 21;

(d)a Party may, in the exercise of its sovereignty or sovereign rights, enter a reservation to the listing of a particular species in an annex by notifying the Depositary in writing within 90 days of the vote of the Parties. The Depositary shall, without delay, notify all Parties of reservations received pursuant to this paragraph;

(e)a listing in the corresponding annex shall become effective 90 days after the vote for all Parties, except those which made a reservation in accordance with paragraph (d) of this Article; and

(f)a Party may at any time substitute an acceptance for a previous reservation to a listing by notifying the Depositary, in writing. The acceptance shall thereupon enter into force for that Party.

5.The Parties shall establish co-operation programmes within the framework of the Convention and the Action Plan to assist with the management and conservation of protected species, and shall develop and implement regional recovery programmes for protected species in the Wider Caribbean Region, taking fully into account other existing regional conservation measures relevant to the management of those species. The Organization shall assist in the establishment and implementation of these regional recovery programmes.

Article 12 – Introduction of non-indigenous or genetically altered species

Each Party shall take all appropriate measures to regulate or prohibit intentional or accidental introduction of non-indigenous or genetically altered species to the wild that may cause harmful impacts to the natural flora, fauna or other features of the Wider Caribbean Region.

Article 13 – Environmental impact assessment

1.In the planning process leading to decisions about industrial and other projects and activities that would have a negative environmental impact and significantly affect areas or species that have been afforded special protection under this Protocol, each Party shall evaluate and take into consideration the possible direct and indirect impacts, including cumulative impacts, of the projects and activities being contemplated.

2.The Organization and the Scientific and Technical Advisory Committee shall, to the extent possible, provide guidance and assistance, upon request, to the Party making these assessments.

Article 14 – Exemptions for traditional activities

1.Each Party shall, in formulating management and protective measures, take into account and provide exemptions, as necessary, to meet the traditional subsistence and cultural needs of its local populations. To the fullest extent possible, no exemption which is allowed for this reason shall:

(a)endanger the maintenance of areas protected under the terms of this Protocol, including the ecological processes contributing to the maintenance of those protected areas; or

(b)cause either the extinction of, or a substantial risk to, or substantial reduction in the number of, individuals making up the populations of species of fauna and flora within the protected areas, or any ecologically inter-connected species or population, particularly migratory species and threatened, endangered or endemic species.

2.Parties which allow exemptions with regard to protective measures shall inform the Organization accordingly.

Article 15 – Changes in the status of protected areas or protected species

1.Changes in the delimitation or legal status of an area, or part thereof, or of a protected species, may only take place for significant reasons, bearing in mind the need to safeguard the environment and in accordance with the provisions of this Protocol and after notification to the Organization.

2.The status of areas and species should be periodically reviewed and evaluated by the Scientific and Technical Advisory Committee on the basis of information provided by Parties through the Organization. Areas and species may be removed from the area listing or Protocol annexes by the same procedure by which they were incorporated.

Article 16 – Publicity, information, public awareness and education

1.Each Party shall give appropriate publicity to the establishment of protected areas, in particular to their boundaries, buffer zones, and applicable regulations, and to the designation of protected species, in particular to their critical habitats and applicable regulations.

2.In order to raise public awareness, each Party shall endeavour to inform the public as widely as possible, of the significance and value of the protected areas and species and of the scientific knowledge and other benefits which may be gained from them or any changes therein. Such information should have an appropriate place in education programmes concerning the environment and history. Each Party should also endeavour to promote the participation of its public and its conservation organizations in measures that are necessary for the protection of the areas and species concerned.

Article 17 – Scientific, technical and management research

1.Each Party shall encourage and develop scientific, technical and management-oriented research on protected areas, including, in particular, their ecological processes and archaeological, historical and cultural heritage, as well as on threatened or endangered species of fauna and flora and their habitats.

2.Each Party may consult with other Parties and with relevant regional and international organizations with a view to identifying, planning and undertaking scientific and technical research and monitoring programmes necessary to characterize and monitor protected areas and species and to assess the effectiveness of measures taken to implement management and recovery plans.

3.The Parties shall exchange, directly or through the Organization, scientific and technical information concerning current and planned research and monitoring programmes and the results thereof. They shall, to the fullest extent possible, co-ordinate their research and monitoring programmes, and endeavour to standardize procedures for collecting, reporting, archiving and analyzing relevant scientific and technical information.

4.The Parties shall, pursuant to the provisions of paragraph 1 above, compile comprehensive inventories of:

(a)areas over which they exercise sovereignty, or sovereign rights or jurisdiction that contain rare or fragile ecosystems; that are reservoirs of biological or genetic diversity; that are of ecological value in maintaining economically important resources; that are important for threatened, endangered or migratory species; that are of value for aesthetic, recreational, tourist or archaeological reasons; and

(b)species of fauna or flora that may qualify for listing as threatened or endangered according to the criteria established under this Protocol.

Article 18 – Mutual assistance

1.The Parties shall co-operate, directly or with the assistance of the Organization or other relevant international organizations, in formulating, drafting, financing and implementing programmes of assistance to those Parties that express a need for it in the selection, establishment and management of protected areas and species.

2.These programmes should include public environmental education, the training of scientific, technical and management personnel, scientific research, and the acquisition, utilization, design and development of appropriate equipment on advantageous terms to be agreed among the Parties concerned.

Article 19 – Notifications and reports to the Organization

1.Each Party shall report periodically to the Organization on:

(a)the status of existing and newly established protected areas, buffer zones and protected species in areas over which they exercise sovereignty or sovereign rights or jurisdiction; and

(b)any changes in the delimitation or legal status of protected areas, buffer zones and protected species in areas over which they exercise sovereignty, or sovereign rights or jurisdiction.

2.The reports relevant to the protected areas and buffer zones should include information on:

(a)name of the area or zone;

(b)biography of the area or zone (boundaries, physical features, climate, flora and fauna);

(c)legal status, with reference to relevant national legislation or regulation;

(d)date and history of establishment;

(e)protected area management plans;

(f)relevance to cultural heritage;

(g)facilities for research and visitors; and

(h)threats to the area or zone, especially threats which originate outside the jurisdiction of the Party.

3.The reports relevant to the protected species should include, to the extent possible, information on:

(a)scientific and common names of the species;

(b)estimated populations of species and their geographic ranges;

(c)status of legal protection, with reference to relevant national legislation or regulation;

(d)ecological interactions with other species and specific habitat requirements;

(e)management and recovery plans for endangered and threatened species;

(f)research programmes and available scientific and technical publications relevant to the species; and

(g)threats to the protected species, their habitats and their associated ecosystems, especially threats which originate outside the jurisdiction of the Party.

4.The reports provided to the Organization by the Parties will be used for the purposes outlined in Articles 20 and 22.

Article 20 – Scientific and Technical Advisory Committee

1.A Scientific and Technical Advisory Committee is hereby established.

2.Each Party shall appoint a scientific expert appropriately qualified in the field covered by the Protocol as its representative on the Committee, who may be accompanied by other experts and advisors appointed by that Party. The Committee may also seek information from scientifically and technically qualified experts and organizations.

3.The Committee shall be responsible for providing advice to the Parties through the Organization on the following scientific and technical matters relating to the Protocol:

(a)the listing of protected areas in the manner provided for in Article 7;

(b)the listing of protected species in the manner provided for in Article 11;

(c)reports on the management and protection of protected areas and species and their habitats;

(d)proposals for technical assistance for training, research, education and management (including species recovery plans);

(e)environmental impact assessment pursuant to Article 13;

(f)the formulation of common guidelines and criteria pursuant to Article 21; and

(g)any other matters relating to the implementation of the Protocol, including those matters referred to it by the meetings of the Parties.

4.The Committee shall adopt its own Rules of Procedures.

Article 21 – Establishment of common guidelines and criteria

1.The Parties shall at their first meeting, or as soon as possible thereafter, evaluate and adopt common guidelines and criteria formulated by the Scientific and Technical Advisory Committee dealing in particular with:

(a)the identification and selection of protected areas and protected species;

(b)the establishment of protected areas;

(c)the management of protected areas and protected species including migratory species; and

(d)the provision of information on protected areas and protected species, including migratory species.

2.In implementing this Protocol, the Parties shall take into account these common guidelines and criteria, without prejudicing the right of a Party to adopt more stringent guidelines and criteria.

Article 22 – Institutional arrangements

1.Each Party shall designate a Focal Point to serve as liaison with the Organization on the technical aspects of the implementation of this Protocol.

2.The Parties designate the Organization to carry out the following Secretariat functions:

(a)convening and servicing the meetings of the Parties;

(b)assisting in raising funds as provided for in Article 24;

(c)assisting the Parties and the Scientific and Technical Advisory Committee, in co-operation with the competent international, intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations in:facilitating programmes of technical and scientific research as provided for in Article 17;facilitating the exchange of scientific and technical information among the Parties as provided for in Article 16;the formulation of recommendations containing common guidelines and criteria pursuant to Article 21;the preparation, when so requested, of management plans for protected areas and protected species pursuant to Articles 6 and 10 respectively;the development of co-operative programmes pursuant to Articles 7 and 11;the preparation, when so requested, of environmental impact assessments pursuant to Article 13;the preparation of educational materials designed for various groups identified by the Parties;the repatriation of illegally exported wild flora and fauna and their parts or products;

(d)preparing common formats to be used by the Parties as the basis for notifications and reports to the Organization, as provided in Article 19;

(e)maintaining and updating databases of protected areas and protected species containing information pursuant to Articles 7 and 11, as well as issuing periodically updated directories of protected areas and protected species;

(f)preparing directories, reports and technical studies which may be required for the implementation of this Protocol;

(g)co-operating and co-ordinating with regional and international organizations concerned with the protection of areas and species; and

(h)carrying out any other function assigned by the Parties to the Organization.

Article 23 – Meetings of the Parties

1.The ordinary meetings of the Parties shall be held in conjunction with the ordinary meetings of the Parties to the Convention held pursuant to Article 16 of the Convention. The Parties may also hold extraordinary meetings in conformity with Article 16 of the Convention. The meetings will be governed by the Rules of Procedure adopted pursuant to Article 20 of the Convention.

2.It shall be the function of the meetings of the Parties to this Protocol:

(a)to keep under review and direct the implementation of this Protocol;

(b)to approve the expenditure of funds referred to in Article 24;

(c)to oversee and provide policy guidance to the Organization;

(d)to consider the efficacy of the measures adopted for the management and protection of areas and species, and to examine the need for other measures, in particular in the form of annexes, as well as amendments to this Protocol or to its annexes;

(e)to monitor and promote the establishment and development of the network of protected areas and recovery plans for protected species provided for in Articles 7 and 11;

(f)to adopt and revise, as needed, the guidelines and criteria provided for in Article 21;

(g)to analyze the advice and recommendations of the Scientific and Technical Advisory Committee pursuant to Article 20;

(h)to analyze reports transmitted by the Parties to the Organization under Article 22 of the Convention and Article 19 of this Protocol, as well as any other information which the Parties may transmit to the Organization or to the meeting of the Parties; and

(i)to conduct such other business as appropriate.

Article 24 – Funding

In addition to the funds provided by the Parties in accordance with paragraph 2, Article 20 of the Convention, the Parties may direct the Organization to seek additional funds. These may include voluntary contributions for purposes connected with the Protocol from Parties, other governments, government agencies, non-governmental, international, regional and private sector organizations and individuals.

Article 25 – Relationship to other conventions dealing with the special protection of wildlife

Nothing in this Protocol shall be interpreted in a way that may affect the rights and obligations of Parties under the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) and the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS).

Article 26 – Transitional clause

The initial version of the annexes, which constitutes an integral part of the Protocol, shall be adopted by consensus at a Conference of Plenipotentiaries of the Contracting Parties to the Convention.

Article 27 – Entry into force

1.The Protocol and its annexes, once adopted by the Contracting Parties to the Convention, will enter into force in conformity with the procedure established in paragraph 2 of Article 28 of the Convention.

2.The Protocol shall not enter into force until the initial annexes have been adopted in accordance with Article 26.

Article 28 – Signature

This Protocol shall be open for signature at Kingston, from 18 January 1990 to 31 January 1990 and at Bogota from 1 February 1990 to 17 January 1991 by any party to the Convention.IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned, being duly authorized by their respective governments, have signed this Protocol.DONE AT KINGSTON, on this eighteenth day of January one thousand nine hundred and ninety in a single copy in the English, French and Spanish languages, the three texts being equally authentic.

Annex I

List of Species of Marine and Coastal Flora Protected Under Article 11(1) (a)

Please take into consideration that the use of the adverb «formerly» refers to the species' scientific name initially found in the Annexs of the SPAW Protocol.Veuillez noter que l'emploi de l'adverbe «formerly» désigne le nom scientique de l'espèce présente initialement dans les Annexes du Protocole SPAW.Favor, téngase en cuenta que el uso del adverbio «formerly» se refiere al nombre scientifico de las especies inicialmente presentes en los anexos del Protocolo SPAW. Last revision of the Annexs - Date de dernière révision des Annexes - Ultima revisión de los Anexos : 03/11/2022IUCN REDLIST STATUS: NE (Not Evaluated) - DD (Data Deficient) – LC (Least Concern) – NT (Near threatened) – VU (Vulnerable) – EN (Endangered) – CR (Critically endangered) – EX (Extinct)

Family— Famille— Familia	Scientific name— Nom scientifique— Nombre científico	Common name— Nom commun— Nombre comun	Common name— Nom commun— Nombre comun	Common name— Nom commun— Nombre comun	Listing Date	IUCN Status	CITES status
FLORA – FLORE – FLORA
TRACHEOPHYTA (VASCULAR PLANTS – PLANTES VASCULAIRES – PLANTAS VASCULARES)
Aquifoliaceae	Ilex cookii	Cook's holly	Houx de Cook	Té	1991	CR	NR
*Bignogniaceae*	Crescentia mirabilis	Wonderful calabashtree	Calebassier admirable	Güirita Cimarrona	1991	NE	NR
*Bignogniaceae*	Crescentia portoricensis	Calabash tree	Calebassier de Porto Rico	Árbol de Zapallo, Higuero De Sierra	1991	NE	NR
Boraginaceae	Varronia wagnerorum (formerly Cordia wagnerorum)	Luquillo mountain manjack	Cordia de Wagner	Manjack de Luquillo	1991	CR	NR
Buxaceae	Buxus vahlii	Vahl's Boxwood	Buis de Vahl	Boj de Vahl, Diablito de Tres Cuernos	1991	EN	NR
Cactaceae	Echinocereus reichenbachii var. albertii	Lace hedgehog cactus	Cactus dentelle	Cactus encaje, Alicoche de colores	1991	NE	Appendix II
	Harrisia fragrans	Caribbean applecactus, Fragrant prickly apple	Pomme parfumée de Barbarie, Applecactus des Caraïbes	Manzana de catus perfumada	1991	NE	Appendix II
	Harrisia portoricensis	Puerto Rico applecactus	Applecactus de Porto Rico	Higo chumbo	1991	NE	Appendix II
	Leptocereus grantianus	Sebucan	Sébucan	Sebucan	1991	CR	Appendix II
	Leptocereus wrightii	Wright’ sebucan	Sébucan de Wright	Sebucan de Wright	1991	CR	Appendix II
	Melocactus curvispinus (formerly Melocactus guitartii)	Melon cactus, Turk’s head	Mélocactus à épines recourbées	Cactus melón von gorro, Melón de monte, Buche, Pichigüey	1991	LC	Appendix II
	Melocactus harlowii sensu lato	Harlow’s barrel cactus, Turk's Cap	Cactus-baril de Harlow	Barril de Harlow	1991	LC	Appendix II
	Pilosocereus polygonus (formerly Pilosocereus deeringii)	Deering's tree cactus	Cactus-cierge de Deering	Cayuco	1991	LC	Appendix II
	Pilosocereus robinii	Key tree-cactus	Cactus-cierge des Keys	Cactus arborescente de losCayos	1991	LC	Appendix II
Convolvulaceae	Bonamia grandiflora	Florida lady's nightcap, Florida bonamia, Scrub morning glory	Bomania de Floride	Bomania de Florida	1991	NE	NR
	Ipomoea flavopurpurea				1991	NE	NR
	Ipomoea walpersiana	Guadeloupe morning glory	Ipomée de Guadeloupe	Campanita de Guadalupe	1991	DD	NR
Cyatheaceae	Cyathea dryopteroides	Elfin tree fern, Puerto Rico tree fern	Fougère arborescente De Porto Rico	Helecho arborescente de Puerto Rico	1991	NE	Appendix II
Cyperaceae	Rhynchospora bucherorum				1991	NE	NR
Dioscoreaceae	Rajania theresensis				1991	NE	NR
Ericaceae	Rhododendron chapmanii	Chapman's rhododendron	Rhododendron de Chapman	Rododendro de Chapman	1991	NE	NR
Phyllanthaceae (formerly included in Euphorbiaceae)	Andrachne brittonii				1991	NE	NR
Euphorbiaceae	Bernardia venosa				1991	NE	Appendix II
Euphorbiaceae	Cnidoscolus aconitifolius subsp. aconitifolius (formerly Cnidoscolus flagrans)	Chaya, Tree spinach, Treadsoftly	Manioc bâtard	Chaya, Árbol espinaca	1991	NE	Appendix II
Phyllanthaceae (formerly included in Euphorbiaceae)	Drypetes triplinervia				1991	NE	NR
*Salicaceae* (formerly Flacourtiaceae)	Banara vanderbiltii			Palo de ramon	1991	CR	NR
*Salicaceae* (formerly Flacourtiaceae)	Samyda microphylla				1991	NE	NR
Hydrophyllaceae	Hydrolea torroei				1991	NE	NR
Icacinaceae	Ottoschulzia rhodoxylon	Rosewood	Bois de rose	Pincho palo de rosa, Palo de Rosa	1991	NE	NR
Fabaceae (synonym: Leguminosae)	Acacia cupeyensis				1991	NE	NR
	Acacia roigii				1991	CR	NR
	Stahlia monosperma			Cóbana negra, Cóbana polisandro	1991	EN	NR
Tofieldiaceae (formerly included in Liliaceae)	Harperocallis flava	Harper's beauty			1991	NE	NR
Loranthaceae	Dendropemon acutifolius				1991	NE	NR
Malvaceae	Bastardiopsis eggersii (formerly Abutilon virginianum)	Jost Van Dyke's Indian mallow			1991	EN	NR
Meliaceae	Trichilia triacantha	Bariaco		Bariaco	1991	CR	NR
Olacaceae	Ximenia roigii			Almendro de costa Pinipini de sabana (Cuba)	1991	VU	NR
*Orchidaceae*	Brachionidium ciliolatum	Hairy cup orchid			1991	NE	Appendix II
	Cranichis ricartii	Puerto Rico helmet orchid			1991	NE	Appendix II
	Lepanthes eltoroensis	Luquillo mountain babyboot orchid			1991	NE	Appendix II
	Oncidium jacquinianum	Sharp Oncidium			1991	NE	Appendix II
Arecaceae (synonym: Palmae)	Calyptronoma rivalis	Puerto Rico manac		Palmera de Hispaniola y Puerto Rico, Palma de manaca	1991	NE	NR
Piperaceae	Peperomia wheeleri	Wheeler's peperomia			1991	EN	NR
Rubiaceae	Rondeletia apiculata (formerly classified in *Rhamnaceae*)				1991	NE	NR
Rubiaceae	Rondeletia rugelii				1991	NE	NR
Rutaceae	Zanthoxylum thomasianum	St. Thomas prickly-ash			1991	EN	NR
Solanaceae	Goetzea elegans	Beautiful Goetzea		Manzanilla, Matabuey, Mata buey	1991	EN	NR
Pentaphylacaceae	Ternstroemia luquillensis (formerly classified in Theaceae)			Palo colorado	1991	CR	NR
Primulaceae	Bonellia stenophylla (formerly Jacquinia curtissii formerly classified in Theophrastaceae)				1991	NE	Appendix II
Thymelaeaceae	Daphnopsis helleriana	Heller's cieneguillo			1991	NE	NR
Lamiaceae (formerly included in Verbenaceae)	Cornutia obovata			Capá jigüerilla, Nigua, palo de nigua	1991	CR	NR
Verbenaceae	Duranta parviflora				1991	NE	NR
Verbenaceae	Nashia myrtifolia				1991	NE	NR

Annex II

List of Species of Marine and Coastal Fauna Protected Under Article 11(1)(b)

Please take into consideration that the use of the adverb « formerly » refers to the species' scientific name initially found in the Annexs of the SPAW Protocol.Veuillez noter que l'emploi de l'adverbe « formerly » désigne le nom scientique de l'espèce présente initialement dans les Annexes du Protocole SPAW.Favor, téngase en cuenta que el uso del adverbio « formerly » se refiere al nombre scientifico de las especies inicialmente presentes en los anexos del Protocolo SPAW. Last revision of the Annexs - Date de dernière révision des Annexes - Ultima revisión de los Anexos : 11 /2023IUCN REDLIST STATUS: NE (Not Evaluated) - DD (Data Deficient) – LC (Least Concern) – NT (Near threatened) – VU (Vulnerable) – EN (Endangered) – CR (Critically endangered) – EX (Extinct)

Family – Famille– Familia	Scientific name - Nom scientifique– Nombre científico	Common name	Nom commun	Nombre comun	Date of Listing	IUCN Red List Category	CITES status
FAUNA – FAUNE – FAUNA
Phylum / Embranchement / Filo: CNIDARIA
Class / Classe / Clase: ANTHOZOA
Order / Ordre / Orden: SCLERACTINIA
*Acroporidae*	Acropora cervicornis	Staghorn coral	Corne de cerf	Coral cuerno de ciervo	2014	CR	NR
*Acroporidae*	Acropora palmata	Elkhorn coral	Corne d'élan	Coral cuerno de alce	2014	CR	NR
*Faviidae*	Montastraea annularis	Boulder star coral	Corail étoile massif	Coral estrella macizo	2014	EN	NR
*Faviidae*	Montastraea faveolata	Mountainous star coral	Corail étoile montagneux	Coral montañoso	2014	EN	NR
Phylum / Embranchement / Filo: MOLLUSCA
Class / Classe / Clase: GASTROPODA
Order / Ordre / Orden: STYLOMMATOPHORA (formerly PULMONATA )
Bulimulidae	Orthalicus reses reses	Stock Island, Florida tree snail	Escargot arboricole de Floride	Caracol terrestre de Stock Island	1991	NE	NR
Phylum / Embranchement / Filo: CORDATA
Class / Classe / Clase: CHONDRICHTHYES
Order / Ordre / Orden: PRISTIFORMES
Pristidae	Pristis pectinata	Smalltooth sawfish	Poisson-scie trident	Pez sierra peine	2017	CR	APPENDIX I
Pristidae	Pristis pristis	Largetooth sawfish	Poisson-scie	Pez sierra	2019	CR	APPENDIX I
Order/ Ordre/ Orden: Carcharhiniformes
*Carcharhinidae*	Carcharhinus longimanus	Oceanic whitetip shark	Requin longimane	Tiburón oceánico de punta blanca	2023	CR	APPENDIX II
*Rhincodontidae*	Rhincodon typus	Whale shark	Requin-baleine	Tiburón ballena	2023	EN	APPENDIX II
Order/ Ordre/ Orden: MYLIOBATIFORMES
Mobulidae	Mobula birostris	Giant Manta ray	Raie manta	Mantarraya, Manta gigante	2023	EN	APPENDIX II
Class / Classe / Clase: OSTEICHTHYES
Order / Ordre / Orden: PERCIFORMES
Percidae	Etheostoma okaloosae	Okaloosa darter	Dard d’Okaloosa	Dardo de Okaloosa	1991	LC	NR
Percidae	Etheostoma rubrum	Bayou darter	Dard du Bayou	Dardo del Bayou	1991	EN	NR
Class / Classe / Clase: AMPHIBIA
Order / Ordre / Orden: ANURA
Bufonidae	Anaxyrus houstonensis( formerly Bufo houstonensis )	Houston toad	Crapaud de Houston	Sapo de Houston	1991	EN	NR
Bufonidae	Peltophryne lemur	Puerto Rican crested toad Ridge-headed toad	Crapaud de Porto Rico	Sapo concho	1991	EN	NR
Eleutherodactylidae (formerly included in Leptodactylidae)	Eleutherodactylus barlagnei	Barlagne robber frog / Guadeloupe Streamfrog	Hylode de Barlagne	Coquí de Barlagne	1991	EN	NR
	Eleutherodactylus jasperi	Golden coqui	Hylode de Jasper	Coquí dorado	1991	CR	NR
	Eleutherodactylus johnstonei	Johnstone's robber frog	Hylode de Johnstone	Coquí antillano	1991	LC	NR
	Eleutherodactylus limbatus (formerly Sminthillus limbatus)	Habana robber frog	Hylode de la Havane	Coquí de la Habana	1991	VU	NR
	Eleutherodactylus martinicensis	Martinique robber frog	Hylode de la Martinique	Coquí de Martinica	1991	NT	NR
	Eleutherodactylus pinchoni	Pinchon's piping frog / Guadeloupe Forest Frog / Grand Cafe Robber Frog	Hylode de Pinchon	Coquí de Pinchon	1991	EN	NR
Hylidae	Phyllodytes auratus (formerly Amphodus auratus)	Golden tree frog, El Tucuche golden frog	Grenouille dorée de Trinité	Rana dorada de Trinidad	1991	EN	NR
Order / Ordre / Orden: CAUDATA
Plethodontidae	Phaeognathus hubrichti	Red Hills salamander	Salamandre des Collines Rouges	Salamandra de las Colinas Rojas	1991	EN	NR
Class / Classe / Clase: REPTILIA
Order / Ordre / Orden: CROCODYLIA
Alligatoridae	Melanosuchus niger	Black caiman	Caïman noir	Caimán negro	1991	NE	APPENDIX I (except Brazilian and Equador populations which are APPENDIX II)
Crocodylidae	Crocodylus acutus	American crocodile	Crocodile américain	Crocodilo americano, Crocodilo narigudo, Crocodilo de Tumbes	1991	VU	APPENDIX I (except Colombian, Cuban, Mexican populations wich are APPENDIX II)
	Crocodylus intermedius	Orinoco crocodile	Crocodile de l'Orénoque	Crocodilo del Orinoco,Caimán del Orinoco	1991	CR	APPENDIX I
	Crocodylus moreletii	Morelet's crocodile, Central American crocodile	Crocodile de Morelet	Crocodilo de Morelet, Crocodilo mexicano, Crocodilo de pantano	1991	LC	APPENDIX I (except Belize’ populations which are APPENDIX II)
Order / Ordre / Orden: SQUAMATA
Boidae	Chilabothrus inornatus (formerly Epicrates inornatus)	Puerto rican boa	Boa de Porto Rico	Boa de Puerto Rico, Culebrón de Puerto Rico	1991	LC	NR
	Chilabothr us monensis granti (formerly Epicrates monensis granti)	Virgin Islands tree boa	Boa arboricole des Îles Vierges	Boa de la cordillera, Boa de las Islas Vírgenes	1991	EN	NR
	Chilabothrus monensis monensis (formerly Epicrates monensis monensis)	Mona Island boa	Boa de l'île Mona	Boa de Mona, Culebrón de Mona	1991	NT	NR
Colubridae	Nerodia clarkii taeniata (formerly Nerodia fasciata taeniata)	Atlantic saltmarsh snake	Serpent des marais Atlantique	Serpiente de las salinas del Atlantico	1991	NE	NR
Dactyloidae (formerly included in Iguanidae)	Anolis roosevelti	Culebra Island Giant Anole	Anole géant de Culébra	Anole gigante de Culebra	1991	CR	NR
Iguanidae	Iguana delicatissima	Lesser Antilles iguana	Iguane des Petites Antilles	Iguana del Caribe	2023	CR	APPENDIX II
	Cyclura carinata	Turks and Caicos rock iguana, Bahamas Rock Iguana, Turks and Caicos Ground Iguana	Iguane terrestre des îles Turks et Caïques	Iguana de Turcas y Caicos	1991	EN	APPENDIX I
	Cyclura collei	Jamaica Ground Iguana, Jamaican Iguana, Jamaican Rock Iguana	Iguane terrestre de la Jamaïque	Iguana jamaiquina	1991	CR	APPENDIX I
	Cyclura cychlura	Northern Bahamian Rock Iguana	Iguane des Bahamas du nord	Iguana de Bahamas del norte	1991	VU	APPENDIX I
	Cyclura nubila	Cuban Ground iguana	Iguane terrestre de Cuba	Iguana cubana	1991	VU	APPENDIX I
	Cyclura pinguis	Anegada Rock iguana	Iguane terrestre de l'île Anégada	Iguana de Puerto Rico, Iguana de Anegada	1991	CR	APPENDIX I
	Cyclura ricordii	Ricord's rock iguana	Iguane de Ricord	Iguana de Ricord	1991	EN	APPENDIX I
	Cyclura rileyi	San Salvador iguana, Central Bahamianrock iguana	Iguane terrestre des Bahamas	Iguana de Bahamas	1991	EN	APPENDIX I
	Cyclura stejnegeri	Mona rhinoceros iguana, Mona groundiguana, Mona island iguana	Iguane de Mona	Iguana de Mona	1991	CR	APPENDIX I
Scincidae	Eumeces egregius	Mole skink	Scinque taupe	Escinco topo	1991	LC	NR
Scincidae	Neoseps reynoldsi	Florida sand skink	Scinque des sables de Floride	Escinco de arena de Florida	1991	VU	NR
Sphaerodactylidae (formerly included in Teiidae	Sphaerodactylus micropithecus	Monito gecko, Monito dwarf gecko	Gecko nain de Monito	Salamanquita de Monito	1991	DD	NR
Sphaerodactylidae (formerly included in Teiidae	Ameiva polops	Saint Croix Ground Lizard	Améive de Sainte-Croix	Lagartos terrestre de Saint Croix	1991	CR	NR
Typhlopidae	Typ hlops guadeloupensis	Guadeloupe blind snake	Typhlops de Guadeloupe	Serpiente ciego de Guadalupe	1991	NE	NR
Order/ Ordre/ Orden: TESTUDINES
Cheloniidae	Caretta caretta	Loggerhead sea turtle	Tortue caouanne	Cayuma, Tortuga-marina caguama	1991	VU	APPENDIX I
	Chelonia mydas	Green sea turtle	Tortue verte	Tortuga verde	1991	EN	APPENDIX I
	Eretmochelys imbricata	Hawksbill turtle	Tortue imbriquée	Tortuga de carey	1991	CR	APPENDIX I
	Lepidochelys kempii	Kemp's Ridley turtle	Tortue de Kemp	Tortuga Iora	1991	CR	APPENDIX I
	Lepidochelys olivacea	Olive ridley turtle	Tortue olivâtre	Tortuga Golfina, Olivacea	1991	VU	APPENDIX I
*Dermochelyidae*	Dermochelys coriacea	Leatherback sea turtle	Tortue luth	Tortuga laúd	1991	VU	APPENDIX I
*Emydidae*	Graptemys oculifera	Ringed map turtle	Tortue annelée	Tortuga anillada	1991	VU	NR
*Emydidae*	Pseudemys alabamensis	Alabama red-bellied turtle	Tortue à ventre rouge de l’Alabama	Tortuga de vientre rojo de Alabama	1991	EN	NR
*Testudinidae*	Gopherus polyphemus	Gopher tortoise	Gophère polyphème, Tortue de la Floride, Tortue Gaufrée	Tortuga terrestre de Florida	1991	VU	NR
Class / Classe / Clase: AVES
Order / Ordre / Orden: CAPRIMULGIFORMES
Caprimulgidae	Caprimulgus noctitherus	Puerto Rican nightjar	Engoulevent de Porto Rico	Guabairo, Chotacabras portorriqueño	1991	EN	NR
Order / Ordre / Orden: CHARADRIIFORMES
Charadriidae	Charadrius melodus	Piping Plover	Pluvier siffleur, Gravelot siffleur	Chorlo chiflador Frailecillo silbador	1991	NT	NR
Laridae	Sterna dougallii dougallii	Roseate Tern	Sterne de Dougall	Charrán rosado	1991	NE	NR
Laridae	Sterna dougallii dougallii (formerly Sterna antillarum antillarum)	Least Tern	Petite sterne	Charrancito americano	1991	NE	NR
Scolopacidae	Numenius borealis	Eskimo curlew	Courlis esquimau	Zarapito Boreal	1991	CR	APPENDIX I
Order / Ordre / Orden: CICONIIFORMES
Ciconiidae	Jabiru mycteria	Jabiru	Jabiru d'Amérique	Cigüeña jabirú, Tuyuyu	1991	LC	APPENDIX I
Ciconiidae	Mycteria americana	Wood stork	Tantale d'Amérique	Tántalo Americano	1991	LC	NR
Order / Ordre / Orden: COLUMBIFORMES
Columbidae	Patagioenas inornata wetmorei (formerly Columba inornata wetmorei)	Puerto Rican plain pigeon	Pigeon simple de Porto Rico	Torcaza boba de Puerto Rico	1991	NE	NR
Order / Ordre / Orden: FALCONIFORMES
Accipitridae	Chondrohierax uncinatus	Hook-billed Kite	Milan bec-en-croc	Gavilán pico gancho	1991	LC	APPENDIX I
	Haliaeetus leucocephalus	Bald Eagle	Pygargue à tête blanche	Águila cabeza blanca	1991	LC	APPENDIX II
	Harpia harpyja	Harpy Eagle	Harpie féroce	Aguila Arpía	1991	VU	APPENDIX I
	Rostrhamus sociabilis plumbeus	Everglade Snail kite	Milan des marais	Caracolero común	1991	NE	APPENDIX II
Falconidae	Caracara plancus (formerly Polyborus plancus)	Southern crested Caracara	Caracara huppé	Carancho, Caracará quebrantahuesos	1991	LC	APPENDIX II
	Falco femoralis septentrionalis	Northern Aplomado Falcon	Faucon aplomado	Halcón aleto	1991	NE	APPENDIX II
	Falco peregrinus	Peregrine Falcon	Faucon pèlerin	Halcón peregrino	1991	LC	APPENDIX I
Order / Ordre / Orden: GALLIFORMES
Cracidae	Aburria pipile (formerly Pipile pipile)	Trinidad Piping Guan	Pénélope siffleuse	Pava de Trinidad	1991	CR	NR
Phasianidae	Tympanuchus cupido attwateri	Attwater's Greater Prairie-Chicken	Tétras cupidon d'Attwater	Gallo de las praderas de Attwater	1991	NE	APPENDIX II
Order / Ordre / Orden: GRUIFORMES
Gruidae	Grus americana	Whooping Crane	Grue blanche	Grulla trompetera	1991	EN	APPENDIX I
	Grus canadensis nesiotes	Sandhill Crane	Grue canadienne	Grulla canadiense	1991	NE	APPENDIX I
	Grus canadensis pulla	Sandhill crane	Grue canadienne	Grulla canadiense	1991	NE	APPENDIX I
Order / Ordre / Orden: PASSERIFORMES
Cardinalidae	Passerina ciris	Painted bunting	Passerin nonpareil	Azulillo pintado	2017	LC	NR
Corvidae	Aphelocoma coerulescens coerulescens (formerly Aphelocoma coerulescens cyanotis)	Florida scrub jay	Geai à gorge blanche	Chara floridana	1991	NE	NR
Corvidae	Corvus leucognaphalus	White-necked Crow	Corneille d'Hispaniola	Cuervo de cuello blanco	1991	VU	NR
Emberezidae	Ammodramus maritimus mirabilis	Cape Sable Seaside sparrow	Bruant maritime du Cap Sable		1991	NE	NR
Emberezidae	Ammodramus savannarum floridanus	Florida Grasshopper Sparrow	Bruant sauterelle de Floride	Gorrión sabanero Pechileonado de Florida	1991	NE	NR
Fringillidae (formerly included in Emberezidae)	Carduelis cucullata (formerly Spinus cucullatus)	Red Siskin	Tarin rouge du Venezuela, Chardonneret rouge	Cardenalito	1991	EN	APPENDIX II
Mimidae	Cinclocerthia ruficauda	Brown Trembler	Trembleur brun	Cocobino Pardo	1991	LC	NR
Mimidae	Ramphocinclus brachyurus	White-Breasted Thrasher	Moqueur à gorge-blanche	Cuitlacoche Pechiblanco	1991	EN	NR
Parulidae (formerly included in Emberezidae)	Setophaga kirtlandii (formerly Dendroica kirtlandii)	Kirtland's warbler	Paruline de Kirtland	Reinita de Kirtland	1991	NT	NR
Parulidae (formerly included in Emberezidae)	Vermivora bachmanii	Bachman's warbler	Paruline de Bachman	Bijirita de Bachman	1991	CR	NR
Turdidae	Catharus bicknelli	Bicknell's thrush	Grive de Bicknell	Zorzal de Bicknell, Tordo de Bicknell	2014	VU	NR
Order / Ordre / Orden: PELECANIFORMES
Pelecanidae	Pelecanus occidentalis	Brown pelican	Pélican brun	Pelícano pardo	1991	LC	NR
Order / Ordre / Orden: PICIFORMES
Picidae	Picoides borealis	Red-Cockaded Woodpecker	Pic à face blanche	Pico de Florida	1991	NT	NR
Order / Ordre / Orden: PROCELLARIIFORMES
*Hydrobatidae*	Hydrobates pelagicus	European Storm-Petrel	Océanite tempête	Paíño europeo	1991	LC	NR
*Procellariidae*	Pterodroma hasitata	Black-capped Petrel	Pétrel diablotin	Petrel de cornilla negra Petrel Antillano	2014	EN	NR
*Procellariidae*	Puffinus lherminieri	Audubon's Shearwater	Puffin d'Audubon	Pardela de Audubon	1991	LC	NR
Order / Ordre / Orden: PSITTACIFORMES
Psittacidae	Amazona arausiaca	Red necked parrot, Amazon	Amazone de Bouquet	Amazona Cabenazul	1991	VU	APPENDIX I
	Amazona barbadensis	Yellow-shouldered Amazon	Amazone à épaulettes jaune	Amazona de Espalda Amarilla	1991	NT	APPENDIX I
	Amazona guildingii	Saint Vincent Amazon	Amazone de Saint-Vincent	Amazona de San Vicente	1991	VU	APPENDIX I
	Amazona imperialis	Imperial Amazon	Amazone impériale	Amazona imperial	1991	CR	APPENDIX I
	Amazona leucocephala	Cuban Amazon, Rose-throated parrot	Amazone de Cuba	Amazona cubana	1991	NT	APPENDIX I
	Amazona versicolor	St Lucia Amazon	Amazone de Sainte-Lucie	Amazona de Santa Lucía	1991	VU	APPENDIX I
	Amazona vittata	Puerto Rican Amazon	Amazone de Porto Rico	Amazona de Puerto Rico	1991	CR	APPENDIX I
	Ara macao	Scarlet Macaw	Ara rouge	Guacamayo macao	1991	LC	APPENDIX I
Class / Classe / Clase: MAMMALIA
Order / Ordre / Orden: CARNIVORA
Canidae	Speothos venaticus	Bush dog	Chien des buissons,Chien des bois	Perrito Venadero	1991	NT	APPENDIX I
*Felidae*	Leopardus pardalis (formerly Felis pardalis)	Ocelot	Ocelot	Ocelote	1991	LC	APPENDIX I
	Leopardus tigrinus (formerly Felis tigrina)	Oncilla, tiger cat	Oncille	Leopardo tigre (formerly Gato tigre	1991	VU	APPENDIX I
	Leopardus wiedii (formerly Felis wiedii)	Margay	Margay	Margay	1991	NT	APPENDIX I
	Puma yagouaroundi (formerly Felis yagouaroundi)	Jaguarundi	Jaguarondi	Yaguarundí	1991	LC	NR
*Phocidae*	All spp.				1991	EXCTINT	NR
*Mustelidae*	Pteronura brasiliensis	Giant otter	Loutre géante du Brésil	Lobo del rio	1991	EN	APPENDIX I
*Ursidae*	Tremarctos ornatus	Spectacled Bear	Ours à lunettes	Oso de Anteojos	1991	VU	APPENDIX I
Order / Ordre / Orden: CETACEA (All species)
Balaenopteridae	Balaenoptera physalus	Fin whale	Rorqual commun	Rorcual común, ballena de aleta	1991	VU	APPENDIX I
	Balaenoptera musculus	Blue whale	Rorqual bleu	Ballena azul	1991	EN	APPENDIX I
	Balaenoptera acutorostrata	Common minke whale	Petit rorqual	Ballena minke	1991	LC	APPENDIX I
	Balaenoptera edeni	Bryde’s whale	Rorqual de Bryde	Ballena de Bryde	1991	LC	APPENDIX I
	Balaenoptera borealis	Sei whale	Rorqual boréal	Ballena sei	1991	EN	APPENDIX I
	Megaptera novaeangliae	Humpback whale	Baleine à bosse	Ballena jorobada	1991	LC	APPENDIX I
*Balaenidae*	Eubalaena glacialis	North Atlantic right whale	Baleine franche des Basques	Ballena franca del norte	1991	CR	APPENDIX I
*Physeteridae*	Physeter macrocephalus	Sperm whale	Cachalot	Cachalote	1991	VU	APPENDIX I
*Kogiidae*	Kogia breviceps	Pygmy sperm whale	Cachalot pygmée	Cachalote pigmeo	1991	DD	APPENDIX II
*Kogiidae*	Kogia sima	Dwarf sperm whale	Cachalot nain	Cachalote enano	1991	DD	APPENDIX II
*Ziphiidae*	Ziphius cavirostris	uvier’s beaked whale, goose-beaked whal	Baleine à bec de cuvier	Ballena de Cuvier	1991	LC	APPENDIX II
	Mesoplodon europaeus	Gervais’ beaked whale	Baleine à bec de Gervais	Ballena de pico de Gervais	1991	DD	APPENDIX II
	Mesoplodon densirostris	Blainville’s beaked whale	Baleine à bec de Blainville	Ballena de pico de Blainville	1991	DD	APPENDIX II
	Mesoplodon mirus	True’s beaked whale	Mésoplodon de True	Ballena de pico de True	1991	DD	APPENDIX II
	Mesoplodon bidens	Sowerby’s beaked whale	Mésoplodon de Sowbery	Ballena de pico de Sowerby	1991	DD	APPENDIX II
Delphinidae	Orcinus orca	Killer whale, orca	Orque	Orca	1991	DD	APPENDIX II
	Globicephala macrorhynchus	Short-finned Pilot Whale	Globicéphale tropical	Calderón de aleta corta	1991	LC	APPENDIX II
	Globicephala melas	Long-finned Pilot Whale	Globicéphale Noir	Calderón Negro	1991	LC
	Pseudorca crassidens	False killer whale	Pseudorque, faux orque	Orca falsa	1991	NT	APPENDIX II
	Peponocephala electra	Melon-headed whale	Péponocéphale	Delfín cabeza de melón	1991	LC	APPENDIX II
	Feresa attenuata	Pygmy killer whale	Orque pygmée	Orca pigmea	1991	LC	APPENDIX II
	Steno bredanensis	Rough-toothed dolphin	Sténo	Delfín de dientes rugosos	1991	LC	APPENDIX II
	Lagenodelphis hosei	Fraser’s dolphin	Dauphin de Fraser	Delfín de Fraser, Borneo	1991	LC	APPENDIX II
	Grampus griseus	Risso’s dolphin	Dauphin de Risso	Delfín de Risso	1991	LC	APPENDIX II
	Tursiops truncatus	Common bottlenose dolphin	Grand dauphin	Delfín nariz de botella	1991	LC	APPENDIX I
	Stenella longirostris	Spinner dolphin	Dauphin à long bec	Delfín rotador	1991	LC	APPENDIX II
	Stenella frontalis	Atlantic spotted dolphin	Dauphin tacheté de l'Atlantique	Delfín manchado del Atlántico	1991	LC	APPENDIX II
	Stenella attenuata	Pantropical spotted dolphin	Dauphin tacheté pantropical	Delfín manchado pantropical	1991	LC	APPENDIX II
	Stenella clymene	Clymene dolphin	Dauphin de Clymène	Delfín de Clymene	1991	LC	APPENDIX II
	Stenella coeruleoalba	Striped dolphin	Dauphin bleu et blanc	Delfín listado	1991	LC	APPENDIX II
	Delphinus delphis	Common dolphin	Dauphin commun	Delfin común	1991	LC	APPENDIX II
	Sotalia guianensis	Guiana dolphin, costero, sotalia	Dauphin de Guyane, Sotalie	Tonina costera, bufeo	1991	NT	APPENDIX II
	Sotalia fluviatilis	Tucuxi, estuarine dolphin	Tucuxi	Tucuxi	1991	EN
Iniidae	Inia geoffrensis	Amazon river dolphin, Pink dolphin, boto	Dauphin de l’Amazone	Tonina rosada, Tonina del Orinoco	1991	EN
Order / Ordre / Orden: CHIROPTERA
*Molossidae*	Tadarida brasiliensis	Brazilian Free-tailed Bat	Molosse du Brésil	Murciélago cola de ratón	1991	LC	NR
*Mormoopidae*	Pteronotus davyi	Davy's naked-backed bat	Ptéronote de Davy, Chauve-souris à dos nu	Murciélago de espalda desnuda	1991	LC	NR
*Phyllostomidae*	Ardops nichollsi	Tree bat	Ardops des Petites Antilles	Ardops de Guadalupe	1991	LC	NR
	Brachyphylla cavernarum	Antillean Fruit-eating Bat	Brachyphylle des antilles	Murciélago cavernícola antillano	1991	LC	NR
	Chiroderma improvisum	Guadeloupe Big-eyed Bat	Chiroderme de la Guadeloupe	Murciélago de Guadalupe	1991	EN	NR
*Vespertilionidae*	Eptesicus guadeloupensis	Guadeloupe Big brown bat	Sérotine de la Guadeloupe	Gran murciélago marrón de Guadalupe	1991	EN	NR
Order / Ordre / Orden: CINGULATA (formerly : EDENTATA)
Dasypodidae	Priodontes maximus (formerly Priodontes giganteus)	Giant armadillo	Tatou géant	Armadillo gigante	1991	VU	APPENDIX I
Order / Ordre / Orden: LAGOMORPHA
Leporidae	Sylvilagus palustris hefneri	Lower keys marsh rabbit	Lapin des marais des Keys	Conejo de los pantanos de los Keys	1991	CR	NR
Order / Ordre / Orden: DIDELPHIMORPHIA (formerly: MARSUPIALIA)
Didelphidae	Chironectes minimus	Water Opossum, Yapok	Opossum aquatique, Yapock	Cuica de agua,Tlacuache acuático	1991	LC	NR
Order / Ordre / Orden: PRIMATES
Atelidae (formerly: Cebidae)	Alouatta palliata	Mantled Howler Monkey	Singe hurleur à manteau	Mono congo	1991	VU	APPENDIX I
Order / Ordre / Orden: RODENTIA
Capromyidae	Mesocapromys angelcabrerai (formerly Capromys angelcabrerai)	Cabrera's hutia	Hutia de Cabrera	Jutía de Cabrera	1991	CR	NR
	Mesocapromys auritus (formerly Capromys auritus)	Large-Eared hutia	Hutia à grandes oreilles	Jutía rata	1991	EN	NR
	Mysateles garridoi (formerly Capromys garridoi)	Garrido's hutia	Hutia de Garrido	Jutía de Garrido	1991	CR	NR
	Mesocapromys nanus (formerly Capromys nanus)	Dwarf hutia	Hutia nain	Jutía enana	1991	CR	NR
	Mesocapromys sanfelipensis (formerly Capromys sanfelipensis)	San Felipe Hutia	Hutia de San Felipe	Jutía de la tierra	1991	CR	NR
Dasyproctidae	Dasyprocta guamara	Orinoco agouti	Agouti de l’Orénoque	Guamara	1991	NT	NR
Cricetidae (formerly included in Muridae)	Neotoma floridana smalli	Key Largo Woodrat	Rat des bois de Key Largo	Rata cambalachera de Cayo Largo	1991	NE	NR
	Peromyscus gossypinus allapaticola	Cotton mouse	Souris de coton	Ratón de algodón	1991	NE	NR
	Peromyscus polionotus (formerly P. polionotus allophrys, P. polionotus ammobates, P. polionotus niveiventris, P. polionotus phasma, P. polionotus trissyllepsi s)	Oldfield deermouse, Beach mouse	Souris de plage, Souris des dunes ou Souris des sables	Ratón de playa	1991	LC	NR
Order / Ordre / Orden: SIRENIA (All spp)
Trichechidae	Trichechus manatus	West Indian manatee	Lamantin des Antilles	Manatí antillano	1991	VU	APPENDIX I
Trichechidae	Trichechus inunguis	Amazonian Manatee	Lamantin De L'Amazone	Manatí Amazónico	1991	VU	APPENDIX I

Annex III

List of Species of Marine and Coastal Flora and Fauna Protected Under Article 11(1) (c)

Flora

Family – Famille – Familia	Scientific name - Nom scientifique – Nombre cientifico	Common name – Nom commun – Nombre comun	Common name – Nom commun – Nombre comun	Common name – Nom commun – Nombre comun	Date of Listing	IUCN status	CITES status
FLORA - FLORE - FLORA
Division / Embranchement / Filo o División : TRACHEOPHYTA (Vascular plants)
*Acanthaceae(formerly included in Verbenaceae*)	Avicennia germinans(formerly Avicennia nitida)	Black mangrove	Palétuvier noir,Bois de mèche	Mangle negro	1991	LC	NR
*Apocynaceae(formerly Asclepiadaceae*)	Asclepias viridula	Southern milkweed			1991	NE	NR
*Arecaceae(formerly Palmae* )	Roystonea regia(formerly Roystonea elata )	Florida royal palm / Palma real	Palmier royal de Floride	Palma botella	1991	LC	NR
	Roystonea oleracea	Caribbean royal palm, Imperial palm	Palmier colonne,Palmier royal	Palmera imperial,Chaguaramo	1991	NE	NR
	Syagrus amara(formerly Rhyticocos amara)	Overtop palm	Petit coco		1991	NE	NR
*Asparagaceae(formerly Agavaceae*)	Nolina brittoniana	Britton's beargrass			1991	NE	NR
*Asteraceae(formerly Compositae* )	Verbesina chapmanii	Chapman's crownbeard			1991	NE	NR
*Bignoniaceae*	Ekmanianthe longiflora	Royal Oak	Chene a glandes, Roble de Porto Rico	Roblillo, Roble real	2014	EN	NR
*Cactaceae*	Melocactus intortus	Turk's cap	Tête à l'Anglais	Melón de costa	1991	LC	APPENDIX II
*Cactaceae*	Consolea Macracantha(formerly Opuntia Macracantha)	Prickly pear	Figuier de Barbarie	Tuna de Cruz	1991	LC	APPENDIX II
*Combretaceae*	Conocarpus erectus	Buttonwood	Manglier gris	BotoncilloMangle botón	1991	LC	NR
*Combretaceae*	Laguncularia racemosa	White mangrove	Manglier blanc	Mangle blanco	1991	LC	NR
*Cymodoceaceae*	Halodule wrightii	Shoalgrass(formerly Seagrass)			1991	LC	NR
*Cymodoceaceae*	Syringodium filiforme(formerly Cymodocea manatorum)	Manatee-grass (Seagrass)			1991	LC	NR
*Euphorbiaceae*	Euphorbia deltoidea ssp. serpyllum(formerly Chamaesyce deltoidea ssp. Serpyllum)	Wedge sandmat, Deltoid spurge			1991	NE	APPENDIX II
*Euphorbiaceae*	Euphorbia telephioides	Telephus spurge	Euphorbe Téléphus		1991	NE	APPENDIX II
Fabaceae(formerly *Leguminosae*)	Chamaecrista lineata var. keyensis	Narrowpod sensitive pea			1991	NE	NR
	Clitoria fragrans	Sweetscented pigeonwingsButterfly Pea			1991	NE	NR
	Vicia ocalensis	Ocala vetch			1991	NT	NR
*Hydrocharitaceae*	Thalassia testudinum	Turtle grass	Herbe à tortue	Hierba de tortuga	1991	LC	NR
	Halophila baillonis(formerly Halophila achersonii)	Florida Keys seagrass	Halophile nervurée		1991	NE	NR
	Halophila decipiens	Hairy spoon seagrass,Caribbean seagrass			1991	LC	NR
	Halophila engelmannii	Engelmann's seagrass			1991	NE	NR
*Iridaceae*	Calydorea coelestina (formerly Salpingostylis coelestina)	Bartram's Ixia			1991	NE	NR
*Lamiaceae(formerly Labiatae*)	Conradina glabra	Apalochicola false rosemary			1991	NE	NR
	Stachydeoma graveolens(formerly Hedeoma graveolens)	mock pennyroyal			1991	NE	NR
	Macbridea alba	White birds-in-a-nest			1991	NE	NR
	Scutellaria floridana	Florida skullcap	Scutellaire de Floride		1991	NE	NR
*Lentibulariaceae*	Pinguicula ionantha	Violet butterwortGodfrey's butterwort	Grassette		1991	NE	NR
*Lythraceae*	Cuphea aspera	Tropical waxweed		La hierba del cáncer	1991	NE	NR
*Malvaceae*	Bombacopsis emarginata			Seibon de arroyo	2014	NE	NR
*Orchidaceae*	Elleanthus dussii				1991	NE	APPENDIX II
*Orchidaceae*	Epidendrum mutelianum	Orange-flower star orchid			1991	NE	APPENDIX II
*Poaceae(formely Graminae*)	Schizachyrium niveum	Pinescrub bluestem			1991	NE	NR
*Polygalaceae*	Polygala lewtonii	Lewton's milkwort			1991	NE	NR
*Polygalaceae*	Eriogonum longifolium var. gnaphalifolium	Longleaf buckwheat			1991	NE	NR
*Rhizophoraceae*	Rhizophora mangle	Red mangrove	Palétuvier rouge, Mangle-chandelle	Mangle rojoMangle colorado – de chifle	1991	LC	NR
*Rubiaceae(formerly Nyctaginaceae*)	Ernodea littoralis(formerly Caribea littoralis)	coughbushBeach Creeper			1991	LC	NR
*Ruppiaceae*	Ruppia maritima	Beaked Tasselweed, widgeongrass	Ruppie maritime	Ocoshal de agua	1991	LC	NR
*Taxaceae*	Taxus floridana	Florida Yew	If de la Floride	Tejo de la Florida	1991	CR	NR
*Verbenaceae*	Glandularia tampensis(formerly Verbena tampensis)	Tampa mock vervain	Verveine		1991	NE	NR
*Zygophyllaceae*	Guaiacum officinale	Commoner Lignum VitaeGuaiac Tree	Gaïac – Bois Saint	Guayaco, Guayacán	1991	EN	APPENDIX II
*Zygophyllaceae*	Guaiacum sanctum	Roughbark Lignum vitae, Holywood	Gaïac	Guayacán	2014	NT	APPENDIX II
FAUNA – FAUNE - FAUNA
Class / Classe / Clase : HYDROZOA
Order / Ordre / Orden: MILLEPORINA
*Milleporidae*	All spp.	Fire corals	Coraux de feu	Corales de fuego	1991		APPENDIX II
*Stylasteridae*	All spp.	Hydrocorals	Hydrocoralliaires	Hidrocorales	1991		APPENDIX II
Class / Classe / Clase : ANTHOZOA
Order / Ordre / Orden: ANTIPATHARIA
	All spp.	Black corals, Thorny corals	Coraux noirs	Corales negros	1991		APPENDIX II
Order / Ordre / Orden: ALCYONACEA (formerly GORGONACEA)
	All spp.	Gorgonians, Sea fans	Gorgones, Eventails de mer	Gorgonáceos	1991		APPENDIX III (Corallium elatius (China) ; Corallium japonicum (China) ; Corallium konjoi (China) ; Corallium secundum (China))
Order / Ordre / Orden: SCLERACTINIA
	All spp.	Stony corals	Sclératiniaires, Madrépores	Coral pedregoso	1991		APPENDIX II
Class / Classe / Clase: BIVALVIA
Order / Ordre / Orden: UNIONOIDA
*Margaritiferidae*	Margaritifera hembeli	Louisiana pearlshell	Moule d'eau douce de Louisiane		1991	CR	NR
Class / Classe / Clase : GASTROPODA
Order / Ordre / Orden: MESOGASTROPODA
*Strombidae*	Strombus gigas	Queen conch	Lambi	Botuto, Caracol	1991	NE	APPENDIX II
Order/ Ordre/ Orden: STYLOMMATOPHORA (formerly PULMONATA)
*Orthalicidae*	Liguus fasciatus	Florida treesnail			2017	NE	NR
Class/ Classe/Clase : CRUSTACEA
Order/ Ordre/ Orden: DECAPODA
*Palinuridae*	Panulirus argus	Caribbean Spiny lobster	Langouste blanche	Langosta común del Caribe, langosta de Florida,Langosta de las Indias Occidentales	1991	DD	NR
Class/ Classe/Clase : ACTINOPTERYGII
Order/ Ordre/ Orden: PERCIFORMES
*Scaridae*	All spp.	Parrotfish	Poisson perroquets	Pez Loro	2023
*Epinephelidae*	Epinephelus striatus	Nassau grouper	Mérou	Agrupador	2017	CR	NR
Class/ Classe/Clase : CHONDRICHTHYES
Order/ Ordre/ Orden: Carcharhiniformes
*Carcharhinidae*	Carcharhinus perezi	Caribbean reef shark	Requin De Recif	Cabeza Dura	2023	EN	APPENDIX II
*Carcharhinidae*	Carcharhinus falciformis	Silky shark	Requin soyeux	Tiburón sedoso	2019	VU	APPENDIX II
*Sphyrnidae*	Sphyrna lewini	Scalloped hammerhead shark	Requin marteau Halicorne		2017	CR	APPENDIX II
	Sphyrna mokarran	Great hammerhead shark	Requin marteau	Tiburón martillo	2017	CR	APPENDIX II
	Sphyrna zygaena	Smooth hammerhead shark	Requin-marteau lisse	Tiburón martillo liso	2017	VU	APPENDIX II
Order/ Ordre/ Orden: MYLIOBATIFORMES
*Mobulidae*	Mobula alfredi	Reef manta ray	Raie manta de récif		2017	VU	APPENDIX II
*Mobulidae*	Mobula sp. cf. birostris				2017	EN	APPENDIX II
Class/ Classe/Clase: REPTILIA
Order/ Ordre/ Orden: CROCODILIA
*Crocodylidae*	Crocodylus rhombifer	Cuban crocodile	Crocodile de Cuba	Cocodrilo cubano	1991	CR	APPENDIX I
Order/ Ordre/ Orden: SQUAMATA
*Boidae*	Boa constrictor	Boa constrictor	Boa constricteur	Boa constrictora, mantona, mazacuata, tragavenao, jibóia, lampalagua, macarue	1991	LC	APPENDIX I (constrictor occidentalis)
*Iguanidae*	Iguana iguana	Green iguana, common iguana	Iguane vert	Iguana verde, teyú	1991	LC	APPENDIX II
Order/ Ordre/ Orden: TESTUDINES
*Kinosternidae*	Kinosternon scorpioides	Scorpion mud turtle	Tortue scorpion	Tortuga escorpión	1991	NE	NR
*Podocnemididae(formerly included in Pelomedusidae*)	Podocnemis unifilis(formerly Podocnemis cayennensis)	Yellow-spotted river turtle	Podocnemide de Cayenne	Tortuga terecay	1991	VU	APPENDIX II
	Podocnemis vogli	Savannah side-necked turtle		Tortuga de Río Sabanera	1991	NE	APPENDIX II
Class/ Classe/Clase : AVES
Order/ Ordre/ Orden: ANSERIFORMES
*Anatidae*	Cairina moschata	Muscovy duck	Canard musqué	Pato real	1991	LC	NR
	Dendrocygna arborea	West Indian whistling-duck	Dendrocygne des Antilles	Yaguasa de pico negro	1991	NT	APPENDIX II
	Dendrocygna bicolor	Fulvous Whistling Duck	Dendrocygne fauve	Suirirí bicolor, sirirí colorado, la iguasa María	1991	LC	APPENDIX III
Order/ Ordre/ Orden: CICONIIFORMES
*Threskiornithidae*	Eudocimus ruber	Scarlet ibis	Ibis rouge	Ibis escarleta	1991	LC	APPENDIX II
Order/ Ordre/ Orden: COLUMBIFORMES
*Columbidae*	Patagioenas leucocephala (synonym : Columba leucocephala)	White-crowned pigeon	Pigeon à couronne blanche	White-crowned pigeon	2014	NT	NR
Order/ Ordre/ Orden: FALCONIFORMES
*Cathartidae*	Sarcoramphus papa	King vulture	Vautour papesarcoramphe roi	Zopilote Rey	1991	LC	NR
Order/ Ordre/ Orden: PASSERIFORMES
*Cotingidae*	Rupicola rupicola	Guianan Cock-of-the-rock	Coq-de-roche orange	Gallito guayano de la sierra	1991	LC	APPENDIX II
*Icteridae*	Agelaius xanthomus	Yellow-shouldered blackbird	Carouge de Puerto Rico	Mariquita de Puerto Rico	1991	EN
Order/ Ordre/ Orden: PHOENICOPTERIFORMES
*Phoenicopteridae*	Phoenicopterus ruber	American Flamingo / Caribbean Flamingo	Flamant des Caraibes	Flamenco del caribe	1991	LC	APPENDIX II
Order/ Ordre/ Orden: PSITTACIFORMES
*Psittacidae*	Amazona ochrocephala	Yellow-crowned(yellow-fronted) amazon	Amazone à front jaune	Loro real amazónico	1991	LC	NR
	Ara ararauna	Blue-and-yellow Macaw	Ara bleu	Guacamayo azul y amarillo	1991	LC	NR
	Ara chloroptera	Green-winged macaw / Red-and-green Macaw	Ara chloroptère à ailes vertes	Guacamayo rojo,Guacamayo aliverde	1991	LC	NR
	Orthopsittaca manilata(formerly Ara manilata)	Red-bellied macaw	Ara macavouanne	Guacamayo de Vientre Rojo	1991	LC	NR
Class/ Classe/Clase : MAMMALIA
Order/ Ordre/ Orden: CARNIVORA
*Mustelidae*	Eira barbara	Tayra	Martre à tête grise, tayra	Irará, eirá, tayra, hurón mayor	1991	LC	APPENDIX III
	Galictis vittata	Greater grison	Grison	Grisón, huroncito	1991	LC	NR
	Lontra longicaudis enudris( = enudris)(formerly Lutra longicaudus)	Southern (neotropical) river otter	Loutre de Guyane, loutre à longue queue	Lobito de río	1991	NE	APPENDIX I
Order/ Ordre/ Orden: CHIROPTERA
*Phyllostomidae*	Vampyrum spectrum	Spectral bat	Faux vampire de Linné, chauve-souris javelot	Murciélago	1991	NT	NR
Order/ Ordre/ Orden: EDENTATA
*Myrmecophagidae*	Myrmecophaga tridactyla	Giant Anteater	Grand tamanoir	Oso hormiguero gigante o jurumí	1991	VU	APPENDIX II
*Myrmecophagidae*	Tamandua tetradactyla	Southern tamandua, lesser anteater	Fourmilier à collier	Oso mielero	1991	LC	APPENDIX III
Order/ Ordre/ Orden: PRIMATES
*Atelidae*(formerly included in *Cebidae*)	Alouatta seniculus	Red howler monkey	Hurleur roux	Mono aullador rojo	1991	LC	APPENDIX II
*Cebidae*	Cebus albifrons	White-fronted Capuchin	Capucin à face blanche	Capuchino de frente blanca, capuchino cara blanca	1991	LC	APPENDIX II

Annex IV

- Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework
  - Target 11
- Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework
  - Target 10
- Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework
- Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework
  - Target 7
- Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework
  - Target 1
- Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework
  - Target 4
  - Target 5
- Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework
  - Target 6
  - Target 17
- Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework
  - Target 15
- Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework
  - Target 20
- Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework
  - Target 21
- Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework
  - Target 19