The energy sector is the most important source of national direct greenhouse gas emissions, and its share has been on an upward trend over the past ten years, accounting for about 65.5% of national direct greenhouse gas emissions in 2013. This situation is due to low energy efficiency in the supply and end-use of energy resources, including due to outdated and inefficient technologies, outdated infrastructure and weak housing systems in terms of energy efficiency. As follows from the evolution of gas emissions with direct greenhouse gases effect according to the base scenario, starting from 1990 the amount of emissions greenhouse gases is in constant decline until 2000, then there is a growth trend until 2030.
This Strategy provides for the development of the energy potential of biomass, solar energy with conversion into electrical and thermal energy, wind energy, hydraulic energy and new energy sources. To achieve these goals, the existing legislative and regulatory framework determines the ways to achieve the goals, those responsible and their obligations in this regard, the rules and mechanisms of influence in the process of implementing relevant measures, as well as the priority areas and activities necessary to achieve the goals. Since the importance of the human factor in reducing energy consumption is undeniable, the Program offers a National communication strategy in the field of energy efficiency, emphasizing the need for thematic information public awareness campaigns to encourage citizens to use energy wisely and make informed decisions when purchasing utilities, building materials, housing, household appliances and energy related products.
This Strategy represents a vision for change paradigms for the long-term development of the Republic of Moldova towards development of green economy, based on an assessment of the limitations of low-carbon development. In this regard, it will strengthen and guide the approach sectoral development. The vision of this Strategy implies, as a prerequisite, the development of a development mechanism aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions and strengthening financial coverage for promoting adequate policies and investment projects for their mitigation in all sectors of the national economy. The scope of the Strategy is to ensure economic development of the Republic of Moldova, based on reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The overall goal of this Strategy is consistent with the goal established in the Intended Nationally Determined Contribution, and aims to unconditional reduction by 2030 of the national volume of clean greenhouse gas emissions by at least 64% compared to the level of 1990. The emissions reduction target could rise to 78% under a global agreement that would address important topics such as cheap financial resources, technology transfer and technical cooperation, access to everything in line with the challenges of global climate change.
As potential unilateral mitigation actions impacts at the national level can include: (a) further development and implementation of green policy documents of economic development; (b) promoting legislative and regulatory frameworks to support implementation of this Strategy; (c) strengthening the institutional framework necessary for proper implementation of the Strategy; and (d) implementation of priority mitigation actions with financial support from the state budget and existing extrabudgetary funds. The Republic of Moldova has the right to request external support for formulating and implementing the actions that underpin this Strategy.