The scope of this Law is the safe implementation of nuclear and radiological activities exclusively for peaceful purposes, in compliance with the obligations arising from international treaties to which the Republic of Moldova is a party. The objectives of this Law are intended to: (a) prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons, as well as materials and devices suitable for the proliferation of nuclear weapons and other explosive devices with radioactive material; (b) establishing mechanisms for the safe implementation of nuclear and radiological activities and maintaining them at an appropriate level in all areas related to the use of sources of ionizing radiation; (c) preventing the unauthorized exercise of nuclear and radiological activities; (d) protection of personnel, the public, property and the environment from the negative effects of ionizing radiation in accordance with international requirements in the field of radiation protection and safety of nuclear and radiological activities; and (e) prevention of theft, illicit trafficking in nuclear and radioactive materials, ensuring the physical security of nuclear and radiation facilities. Area of application of this Law shall be as follows: (a) research, design, placement, construction, installation, commissioning, operation, modification, repair, decontamination of nuclear and radiation facilities; (b) production, supply, transfer, manipulation, possession, processing, use, temporary storage or final disposal, transport, transit, import, export, re-export and temporary import or temporary export of sources of ionizing radiation, including nuclear materials, nuclear fuel, radioactive waste; (c) supply and use of equipment for dosimetric (radiometric, etc.) monitoring of the parameters of ionizing radiation fields, materials and devices for protection against ionizing radiation used for monitoring or control and supervision of nuclear and radiological activities, as well as means of packaging and containerization or specially equipped vehicles for radioactive materials; (d) introduction to the market or provision on the market of products and provision of services intended for the safe operation of nuclear and radiation facilities: individual dosimetry, testing of radioactive sources (radiation leakage test), quality control of ionizing radiation generators and calculation of the effectiveness of protective barriers; and (e) detection of radioactive sources of unclear ownership and restoration of control over them. Fundamental principles of regulation of nuclear and radiological activities are: (a) avoiding exceeding the maximum permissible levels of ionizing radiation; (b) reducing radiation doses to the lowest possible levels; (c) substantiation of any activity (practice) involving the use of sources of ionizing radiation; (d) ensuring nuclear and radiation safety; (e) ensuring the physical protection of nuclear and radioactive materials; (f) liability of permit holders; and (g) ensuring control over nuclear and radiological activities. The following regulatory functions are provided for in the field of nuclear and radiological activities: (a) authorization; (b) development and approval of the legislative and regulatory framework in the field of nuclear and radiation safety and security; (c) accounting for sources of ionizing radiation and nuclear materials; (d) state control and supervision; (e) application of coercive measures in case of violation of the acting legislation; and (f) control over the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons and compliance with international treaties. National Agency is the authorized state institution in the field of nuclear and radiological activities. This Law consists of XI Chapters containing 51 Articles. Chapter I lays down general provisions. Chapter II regards National Agency. Chapter III establishes the competence of authorized bodies in the field of nuclear and radiological activities. Chapter IV establishes authorization mode and lists authorization documents issued by the National Agency. Chapter V establishes state control and supervision over nuclear and radiological activities. Chapter VI establishes nuclear guarantees. Chapter VII regards physical safety of nuclear and radiation facilities, illegal trafficking in nuclear and radioactive materials. Chapter VIII determines response in the event of a nuclear or radiation incident or accident, and transportation of radioactive materials. Chapter IX defines national policy and principles related to radioactive waste management. Chapter X establishes rights, duties and responsibilities of natural persons and legal entities. Chapter XI lays down final provisions.