The Updated First Nationally Determined Contribution is a revised version of T rkiye s first Intended Nationally Determined Contribution of 2012. Its purpose is to reduce its greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 41% through 2030. This updated first NDC is economy-wide and includes comprehensive mitigation and adaptation actions as well as consideration of means of implementation. This NDC is prepared in the context of long-term planning and sustainable development priorities and gives emphasis on the protection of the environment, a resource efficient and sustainable circular economy for reaching the goal of net zero target by 2053.
GHG emissions will be reduced in the energy sector by using energy efficiency and renewable potential at the highest level and increasing renewable energy sources in primary energy consumption. An Emission Trading System will be established and based on the existing Turkish monitoring, reporting, and verification system, the System will be one of the primary mitigation instruments in the industry and energy sector. The utilization of biofuels, refuse-derived fuel, alternative fuel, and raw materials will be increased in industrial facilities. The carbon footprint of industrial products will be reduced, and measures will be taken for using renewable energy and resource and energy efficiency in the industry sector. The Green Growth Technology Roadmap studies will be conducted for the iron-steel, aluminium, cement, chemicals, plastics and fertilizer sectors. The Green Transition in the industry will be supported by prioritizing certification of industrial facilities that use Best Available Techniques as an indicator for clean and green industrial production. Low or zero emission, energy-efficient, and alternative clean fuel transportation options will be developed to reduce emissions in the transportation sector.
This NDC lays down mitigation strategies in the agriculture sector until 2030, as: (I) controlling methane emissions by regulating animal feed rations, (II) ensuring optimum use of nitrogen fertilizer in plant production, (III) increasing the manuring process in biogas plants, (IV) improving practices in animal husbandry, (V) using agricultural biomass for energy generation, (VI) optimizing the crop allocation combined with improvement of application methods and standards of mineral and organic fertilizers, (VII) training farmers on new methods and technologies, (VIII) improving risk reduction against natural hazards for food security, including agriculture-related adaptation measures, and (IX) assessing the volume of water availability for sectoral use.
Waste management will be improved to reduce GHG emissions. Waste generation will be prevented and produced waste amount will be reduced within the framework of circular economy principles. The recovery rate of municipal waste will be increased to 60% by 2035. The percentage of landfilled waste will be reduced to reach the target of zero municipal waste landfilling without pre-treatment by 2053. The recovery rate of methane gas from biodegradable wastes will be increased. Wastewater treatment facilities will be expanded to increase the percentage of reuse.
This NDC stresses on the land use, land use change and forestry sector due to its role as a net sink dominated by forests. The sink capacity of forests will be improved through sustainable forest management, afforestation/reforestation, restoration, and long-term planning by rejuvenating existing forest areas. Measures will be taken to prevent, control and reduce desertification and land degradation.
Furthermore, this NDC sets out adaptation goals. An electronic and publicly accessible system for Local Climate Change Action Plan which includes a regional vulnerability analysis and a catalogue of nature-based solutions, will be developed. The reuse of treated wastewater in landscape and agricultural irrigation, industrial use, groundwater recharge, recreational uses, and domestic and industrial applications will be increased. The drinking water supply and distribution network loss will be reduced to 25% for metropolitan and provincial municipalities. Climate change impacts on lakes, wetlands, and coastal areas will be determined along with the adaptation actions. Flood management plans and drought management plans will be completed for 25 river basins and will be revised every six years. The drought and flood forecasting and early warning systems will be established for 25 river basins in T rkiye by 2030. Sustainable production in agriculture, which protects natural resources, ecosystems, and biodiversity, will be increased. Agricultural crop patterns will be optimized, taking into account the future water availability under climate change scenarios. Insurance and agricultural support systems will help to manage risks of sustainable production in the agriculture sector to alleviate the adverse effects of climate change. The number of protected areas will be increased.