This Technical Guidance lays out a science-based approach to planning the expansion of ecological networks for conservation while increasing their ecological representativeness and connectivity. Both of these characteristics of ecological networks are key to the persistence of biodiversity through time. With a primary goal of assisting Parties to the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS), the guidance is relevant for governments, conservation organizations, land planners, and any entity aiming to strategically expand protected area networks in alignment with