Parties comply with their obligations under the Convention through the adoption and implementation of appropriate legislation, policies, and procedures.

Parties support sustainable wildlife trade policies, especially those that increase the capacity of Indigenous peoples and local communities to pursue livelihoods.

Implementation of the Convention at the national level is consistent with Resolutions and Decisions adopted by the Conference of the Parties.

Parties recognize illegal trade in wildlife as serious crime and have adequate systems in place to detect and deter it.

Parties improve the conservation status of CITES-listed specimens, put in place national conservation actions, support their sustainable use and promote cooperation in managing shared wildlife resources.

Parties work collaboratively across range, transit and destination states, to address entire illegal trade chains, including through strategies to reduce both the supply of and demand for illegal products, in order for trade to be legal and sustainable.

Investments in building capacity of CITES are prioritized, coordinated, and their success monitored to ensure stepwise improvement through time.

The traditional knowledge, innovations and practices of indigenous peoples and local communities relevant for the wise use of wetlands and their customary use of wetland resources are documented, respected, subject to national legislation and relevant international obligations, and fully integrated and reflected in the implementation of the Convention, with a full and effective participation of indigenous peoples and local communities at all relevant levels.

Capacity building for implementation of the Convention and the 4th Ramsar Strategic Plan 2016 – 2024 is enhanced.

By 2032, any take, use and trade of migratory species listed in CMS Appendices is sustainable, safe and legal, overexploitation is prevented, risk of pathogen spillover is reduced and negative impacts on non-target species and their ecosystems are minimized. Explanation: Based on the best available knowledge and information, the main drivers of illegal and unsustainable take are identified and analysed for each migratory species to provide a basis for effective conservation and/or management actions, including cooperative actions beyond Range State jurisdictions. Interventions to effectively address the main drivers are undertaken in consultation with relevant stakeholders, indigenous peoples and local communities, and include protection measures for species listed in Appendix I through national legislation, comprehensive and effective enforcement, and management measures to halt illegal and unsustainable take. As a result, there should be no taking of any Appendix I species that is not in compliance with the Convention. Furthermore, steps will be taken towards eliminating any unsustainable take of Appendix II species and non-target CMS-listed migratory species that may also be affected, and towards reducing the risk of pathogen spillover to or from CMS-listed species to prevent the spread of zoonotic diseases.

Ensure that the use, harvesting and trade of wild species is sustainable, safe and legal, preventing overexploitation, minimizing impacts on non-target species and ecosystems, and reducing the risk of pathogen spillover, applying the ecosystem approach, while respecting and protecting customary sustainable use by indigenous peoples and local communities.