The Bangladesh Biodiversity Act, 2017 establishes a comprehensive legal framework for the conservation, sustainable use, and development of biodiversity in Bangladesh. It supersedes any conflicting laws to ensure the protection of biological resources and mandates the formulation of a National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan. This plan includes biodiversity identification and monitoring, conservation measures, and public awareness initiatives. A fundamental principle of the Act is the requirement for prior approval from the National Committee for biodiversity-related activities, including applications for intellectual property rights derived from biological resources. Key provisions of the Act include restrictions on biodiversity-related activities without approval, regulations on publishing research findings, and the creation of a Biodiversity Conservation Fund. Additionally, any development project with potential adverse effects on biodiversity must undergo an environmental impact assessment. The National Committee is responsible for reviewing applications and issuing decisions within set timelines while ensuring equitable benefit-sharing. To facilitate enforcement, the Act mandates the establishment of various biodiversity committees at both national and local levels. It allows for the review of National Committee decisions within 30 days and grants the government the authority to issue rules for effective implementation. Additional provisions emphasize accountability for violations, public consultation in the designation of heritage sites, and government authority in resolving ambiguities in the Act’s application.