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Kyoto Protocol
Party Signature Ratification Status Party
25 Mar 2013 Accession 23 Jun 2013
01 Apr 2005 Accession 30 Jun 2005
16 Feb 2005 Accession 16 Feb 2005
08 May 2007 Accession 06 Aug 2007
16 Mar 1998 03 Nov 1998 Ratification 16 Feb 2005
16 Mar 1998 28 Sep 2001 Ratification 16 Feb 2005
25 Apr 2003 Accession 16 Feb 2005
29 Apr 1998 12 Dec 2007 Ratification 11 Mar 2008 Declarations
29 Apr 1998 31 May 2002 Ratification 16 Feb 2005
28 Sep 2000 Accession 16 Feb 2005
09 Apr 1999 Accession 16 Feb 2005
31 Jan 2006 Accession 01 May 2006
22 Oct 2001 Accession 16 Feb 2005
07 Aug 2000 Accession 16 Feb 2005
26 Aug 2005 Accession 24 Nov 2005
29 Apr 1998 31 May 2002 Ratification 16 Feb 2005
26 Sep 2003 Accession 16 Feb 2005
25 Feb 2002 Accession 16 Feb 2005
26 Aug 2002 Accession 16 Feb 2005
09 Jul 1998 30 Nov 1999 Ratification 16 Feb 2005
16 Apr 2007 Accession 15 Jul 2007
08 Aug 2003 Accession 16 Feb 2005
29 Apr 1998 23 Aug 2002 Ratification 16 Feb 2005
20 Aug 2009 Accession 18 Nov 2009
18 Sep 1998 15 Aug 2002 Ratification 16 Feb 2005
31 Mar 2005 Accession 29 Jun 2005
18 Oct 2001 Accession 16 Feb 2005
10 Feb 2006 Accession 11 May 2006
22 Aug 2002 Accession 16 Feb 2005
28 Aug 2002 Accession 16 Feb 2005
29 Apr 1998 17 Dec 2002 Ratification 16 Feb 2005 End notes
18 Mar 2008 Accession 16 Jun 2008
18 Aug 2009 Accession 16 Nov 2009
17 Jun 1998 26 Aug 2002 Ratification 16 Feb 2005
29 May 1998 30 Aug 2002 Approval 16 Feb 2005 End notes
30 Nov 2001 Accession 16 Feb 2005
10 Apr 2008 Accession 09 Jul 2008
12 Feb 2007 Accession 13 May 2007
16 Sep 1998 27 Aug 2001 Ratification 16 Feb 2005 Declarations
27 Apr 1998 09 Aug 2002 Ratification 16 Feb 2005
11 Mar 1999 30 May 2007 Ratification 28 Aug 2007
15 Mar 1999 30 Apr 2002 Ratification 16 Feb 2005
16 Jul 1999 Accession 16 Feb 2005
23 Nov 1998 15 Nov 2001 Approval 16 Feb 2005
23 Apr 2007 Accession 22 Jul 2007
27 Apr 2005 Accession 26 Jul 2005
23 Mar 2005 Accession 21 Jun 2005
29 Apr 1998 31 May 2002 Ratification 16 Feb 2005 End notes
12 Mar 2002 Accession 16 Feb 2005
25 Jan 2005 Accession 16 Feb 2005
12 Feb 2002 Accession 16 Feb 2005
15 Jan 1999 13 Jan 2000 Ratification 16 Feb 2005
15 Mar 1999 12 Jan 2005 Ratification 16 Feb 2005
08 Jun 1998 30 Nov 1998 Ratification 16 Feb 2005
16 Aug 2000 Accession 16 Feb 2005
28 Jul 2005 Accession 26 Oct 2005
03 Dec 1998 14 Oct 2002 Ratification 16 Feb 2005
13 Jan 2006 Accession 13 Apr 2006
14 Apr 2005 Accession 13 Jul 2005
29 Apr 1998 31 May 2002 Approval 16 Feb 2005 Declarations
17 Sep 1998 17 Sep 1998 Ratification 16 Feb 2005
29 Apr 1998 31 May 2002 Ratification 16 Feb 2005
29 Apr 1998 31 May 2002 Approval 16 Feb 2005
12 Dec 2006 Accession 12 Mar 2007
16 Jun 1999 Accession 16 Feb 2005
29 Apr 1998 31 May 2002 Ratification 16 Feb 2005
30 May 2003 Accession 16 Feb 2005
29 Apr 1998 31 May 2002 Ratification 16 Feb 2005
06 Aug 2002 Accession 16 Feb 2005
10 Jul 1998 05 Oct 1999 Ratification 16 Feb 2005
07 Sep 2000 Accession 16 Feb 2005
18 Nov 2005 Accession 16 Feb 2006
05 Aug 2003 Accession 16 Feb 2005
06 Jul 2005 Accession 04 Oct 2005
25 Feb 1999 19 Jul 2000 Ratification 16 Feb 2005
21 Aug 2002 Accession 16 Feb 2005
23 May 2002 Accession 16 Feb 2005
26 Aug 2002 Accession 16 Feb 2005
13 Jul 1998 03 Dec 2004 Ratification 16 Feb 2005
22 Aug 2005 Accession 20 Nov 2005
28 Jul 2009 Accession 26 Oct 2009
29 Apr 1998 31 May 2002 Ratification 16 Feb 2005 Declarations
16 Dec 1998 15 Mar 2004 Ratification 16 Feb 2005
29 Apr 1998 31 May 2002 Ratification 16 Feb 2005
28 Jun 1999 Accession 16 Feb 2005
28 Apr 1998 04 Jun 2002 Acceptance 16 Feb 2005
17 Jan 2003 Accession 16 Feb 2005
12 Mar 1999 19 Jun 2009 Ratification 17 Sep 2009
25 Feb 2005 Accession 26 May 2005
07 Sep 2000 Accession 16 Feb 2005 Declarations
11 Mar 2005 Accession 09 Jun 2005
13 May 2003 Accession 16 Feb 2005
06 Feb 2003 Accession 16 Feb 2005
14 Dec 1998 05 Jul 2002 Ratification 16 Feb 2005
13 Nov 2006 Accession 11 Feb 2007
06 Sep 2000 Accession 16 Feb 2005
05 Nov 2002 Accession 16 Feb 2005
24 Aug 2006 Accession 22 Nov 2006
29 Jun 1998 03 Dec 2004 Ratification 16 Feb 2005
21 Sep 1998 03 Jan 2003 Ratification 16 Feb 2005
29 Apr 1998 31 May 2002 Ratification 16 Feb 2005
24 Sep 2003 Accession 16 Feb 2005
26 Oct 2001 Accession 16 Feb 2005
12 Mar 1999 04 Sep 2002 Ratification 16 Feb 2005
16 Mar 1998 30 Dec 1998 Ratification 16 Feb 2005
27 Jan 1999 28 Mar 2002 Ratification 16 Feb 2005
17 Apr 1998 11 Nov 2001 Ratification 16 Feb 2005
17 Mar 1998 11 Aug 2003 Ratification 16 Feb 2005
22 Jul 2005 Accession 20 Oct 2005
09 May 2001 Accession 16 Feb 2005
09 Jun 1998 07 Sep 2000 Ratification 16 Feb 2005
17 Mar 1998 21 Jun 1999 Ratification 16 Feb 2005
29 Apr 1998 27 Feb 2006 Ratification 28 May 2006
15 Dec 1999 Accession 16 Feb 2005
04 Jun 2007 Accession 02 Sep 2007
25 Jan 2002 Accession 16 Feb 2005
18 Jan 2005 Accession 16 Feb 2005
13 Aug 2003 Accession 16 Feb 2005
04 Sep 2003 Accession 16 Feb 2005
16 Aug 2001 Accession 16 Feb 2005 Declarations
16 Sep 2005 Accession 15 Dec 2005
29 Apr 1998 31 May 2002 Acceptance 16 Feb 2005 End notes
22 May 1998 19 Dec 2002 Ratification 16 Feb 2005 End notes
07 Jul 1998 18 Nov 1999 Ratification 16 Feb 2005
23 Oct 1998 30 Sep 2004 Ratification 16 Feb 2005
10 Dec 2004 Accession 16 Feb 2005
08 Dec 1998 06 May 1999 Ratification 16 Feb 2005 Declarations
29 Apr 1998 30 May 2002 Ratification 16 Feb 2005
19 Jan 2005 Accession 16 Feb 2005
11 Jan 2005 Accession 16 Feb 2005
10 Dec 1999 Accession 16 Feb 2005
08 Jun 1998 05 Mar 1999 Ratification 16 Feb 2005
02 Mar 1999 28 Mar 2002 Ratification 16 Feb 2005
25 Aug 1998 27 Aug 1999 Ratification 16 Feb 2005
13 Nov 1998 12 Sep 2002 Ratification 16 Feb 2005
15 Apr 1998 20 Nov 2003 Ratification 16 Feb 2005
15 Jul 1998 13 Dec 2002 Ratification 16 Feb 2005
29 Apr 1998 31 May 2002 Approval 16 Feb 2005
11 Jan 2005 Accession 16 Feb 2005
25 Sep 1998 08 Nov 2002 Ratification 16 Feb 2005
22 Apr 2003 Accession 16 Feb 2005
05 Jan 1999 19 Mar 2001 Ratification 16 Feb 2005
11 Mar 1999 18 Nov 2004 Ratification 16 Feb 2005 Declarations
22 Jul 2004 Accession 16 Feb 2005
08 Apr 2008 Accession 07 Jul 2008
16 Mar 1998 20 Aug 2003 Ratification 16 Feb 2005
19 Mar 1998 31 Dec 2004 Ratification 16 Feb 2005
16 Mar 1998 27 Nov 2000 Ratification 16 Feb 2005
28 Apr 2010 Accession 27 Jul 2010
25 Apr 2008 Accession 24 Jul 2008
31 Jan 2005 Accession 16 Feb 2005
20 Jul 2001 Accession 16 Feb 2005
19 Oct 2007 Accession 17 Jan 2008
20 Mar 1998 22 Jul 2002 Ratification 16 Feb 2005
10 Nov 2006 Accession 08 Feb 2007
12 Apr 2006 Accession 11 Jul 2006
26 Feb 1999 31 May 2002 Ratification 16 Feb 2005
21 Oct 1998 02 Aug 2002 Ratification 16 Feb 2005
29 Sep 1998 13 Mar 2003 Ratification 16 Feb 2005
26 Jul 2010 Accession 24 Oct 2010
31 Jul 2002 Accession 16 Feb 2005
29 Apr 1998 31 May 2002 Ratification 16 Feb 2005
03 Sep 2002 Accession 16 Feb 2005
02 Nov 2004 Accession 16 Feb 2005
25 Sep 2006 Accession 24 Dec 2006
29 Apr 1998 31 May 2002 Ratification 16 Feb 2005
16 Mar 1998 09 Jul 2003 Ratification 16 Feb 2005
27 Jan 2006 Accession 27 Apr 2006 Declarations
29 Dec 2008 Accession 29 Mar 2009
02 Feb 1999 28 Aug 2002 Ratification 16 Feb 2005
01 Jun 2001 Accession 16 Feb 2005
18 Nov 2004 Accession 16 Feb 2005
14 Oct 2008 Accession 12 Jan 2009
02 Jul 2004 Accession 16 Feb 2005
14 Jan 2008 Accession 13 Apr 2008
07 Jan 1999 28 Jan 1999 Ratification 16 Feb 2005
22 Jan 2003 Accession 16 Feb 2005
28 May 2009 Accession 26 Aug 2009
28 Sep 1998 11 Jan 1999 Ratification 16 Feb 2005
16 Nov 1998 16 Nov 1998 Ratification 16 Feb 2005
25 Mar 2002 Accession 16 Feb 2005
15 Mar 1999 12 Apr 2004 Ratification 16 Feb 2005
26 Jan 2005 Accession 16 Feb 2005
29 Apr 1998 31 May 2002 Ratification 16 Feb 2005 End notes
26 Aug 2002 Accession 16 Feb 2005
29 Jul 1998 05 Feb 2001 Ratification 16 Feb 2005
20 Nov 1998 12 Oct 1999 Ratification 16 Feb 2005
17 Jul 2001 Accession 16 Feb 2005
18 Feb 2005 Accession 19 May 2005
03 Dec 1998 25 Sep 2002 Ratification 16 Feb 2005
15 Sep 2004 Accession 16 Feb 2005
05 Aug 1998 07 Jul 2006 Ratification 05 Oct 2006
30 Jun 2009 Accession 28 Sep 2009

Non-Parties

Party Signature Ratification Status Additional information
12 Nov 1998 Signatory

Declarations

Australia
Declaration:“The Government of Australia declares that it is eligible to apply the second sentence of Article 3.7 of the Protocol, using the Revised 1996 IPCC methodologies, as stipulated in Article 5.2 of the Protocol and paragraph 5 (b) of the Annex to Decision 13/CMP.1.”
Cook Islands
Upon signature:Declaration:The Government of the Cook Islands declares its understanding that signature and subsequent ratification of the Kyoto Protocol shall in no way constitute a renunciation of any rights under international law concerning State responsibility for the adverse effects of climate change and that no provision in the Protocol can be interpreted as derogating from principles of general international law.In this regard, the Government of the Cook Islands further declares that, in light of the best available scientific information and assessment on climate change and its impacts, it considers the emissions reduction obligation in article 3 of the Kyoto Protocol to be inadequate to prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system."
European Union
Upon signature:Declaration:“The European Community and its Member States will fulfil their respective commitments under article 3, paragraph 1, of the Protocol jointly in accordance with the provisions of article 4.”Upon approval:Declaration by the European Community made in accordance with article 24 (3) of the Kyoto Protocol"The following States are at present members of the European Community: the Kingdom of Belgium, the Kingdom of Denmark, the Federal Republic of Germany, the Hellenic Republic, the Kingdom of Spain, the French Republic, Ireland, the Italian Republic, the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, the Kingdom of the Netherlands, the Republic of Austria, the Portuguese Republic, the Republic of Finland, the Kingdom of Sweden, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.The European Community declares that, in accordance with the Treaty establishing the European Community, and in particular article 175 (1) thereof, it is competent to enter into international agreements, and to implement the obligations resulting therefrom, which contribute to the pursuit of the following objectives:- preserving, protecting and improving the quality of the environment;- protecting human health;- prudent and rational utilisation of natural resources;- promoting measures at international level to deal with regional or world wide environmental problems.The European Community declares that its quantified emission reduction commitment under the Protocol will be fulfilled through action by the Community and its Member States within the respective competence of each and that it has already adopted legal instruments, binding on its Member States, covering matters governed by the Protocol.The European Community will on a regular basis provide information on relevant Community legal instruments within the framework of the supplementary information incorporated in its national communication submitted under art12 of the Convention for the purpose of demonstrating compliance with its commitments under the Protocol in accordance with article 7 (2) thereof and the guidelines thereunder."
Ireland
Upon signature:Declaration:"The European Community and the Member States, including Ireland, will fulfil their respective commitments under article 3, paragraph 1, of the Protocol in accordance with the provisions of article 4."
Kiribati
Declaration:"The Government of the Republic of Kiribati declares its understanding that accession to the Kyoto Protocol shall in no way constitute a renunciation of any rights under international law concerning State responsibility for the adverse effects of the climate change and that no provision in the Protocol can be interpreted as derogating from principles of general international law."
Nauru
Declarations:“... The Government of the Republic of Nauru declares its understanding that the ratification of the Kyoto Protocol shall in no way constitute a renunciation of any rights under international law concerning State responsibility for the adverse effects of climate change; ...... The Government of the Republic of Nauru further declares that, in the light of the best available scientific information and assessment of climate change and impacts, it considers the emissions of reduction obligations in Article 3 of the Kyoto Protocol to be inadequate to prevent the dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system;... [The Government of the Republic of Nauru declares] that no provisions in the Protocol can be interpreted as derogating from the principles of general international law[.]
Niue
Upon signature:Declaration:"The Government of Niue declares its understanding that ratification of the Kyoto Protocol shall in no way constitute a renunciation of any rights under international law concerning state responsibility for the adverse effects of climate change and that no provisions in the Protocol can be interpreted as derogating from the principles of general international law.In this regard, the Government of Niue further declares that, in light of the best available scientific information and assessment of climate change and impacts, it considers the emissions reduction obligations in article 3 of the Kyoto Protocol to be inadequate to prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system."
Russian Federation
Statement:The Russian Federation proceeds from the assumption that the commitments of the Russian Federation under the Protocol will have serious consequences for its social and economic development. Therefore, the decision on ratification was taken following a thorough analysis of all factors, inter alia, the importance of the Protocol for the promotion of international cooperation, and taking into account that the Protocol can enter into force only if the Russian Federation ratifies it.The Protocol establishes for each of the Parties that have signed it quantified reductions of greenhouse gas emissions to atmosphere for the first commitment period from 2008 to 2012.The commitments of the Parties to the Protocol on quantified reductions of greenhouse gas emissions to atmosphere for the second and subsequent commitment periods of the Protocol, that is after 2012, will be established through negotiations of the Parties to the Protocol scheduled to start in 2005. On the outcome of these negotiations the Russian Federation will take a decision on its participation in the Protocol in the second and subsequent commitment periods.
Syrian Arab Republic
Declaration:The accession of the Syrian Arab Republic to this Protocol shall in no way imply its recognition of Israel or entail its entry into any dealings with Israel in the matters governed by the provisions thereof.

End Notes

Canada

In accordance with article 27 (2) of the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, the Government of Canada notified the Secretary-General that it had decided to withdraw from the Kyoto Protocol as from the date indicated hereinafter:

China

In a communication received on 30 August 2002, the Government of the People’s Republic of China informed the Secretary-General of the following:

In accordance with article 153 of the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China of 1990 and article 138 of the Basic Law of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China of 1993, the Government of the People’s Republic of China decides that the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change shall provisionally not apply to the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China.

Further, in a communication received on 8 April 2003, the Government of the Government of the People’s Republic of China notified the Secretary-General of the following:

"In accordance with the provisions of Article 153 of the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China of 1990, the Government of the People's Republic of China decides that the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change shall apply to the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China.

The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change continues to be implemented in the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China. The Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change shall not apply to the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China until the Government of China notifies otherwise."

In a communication received on 14 January 2008, the Government of the Government of the People’s Republic of China notified the Secretary-General of the following:

In accordance with Article 138 of the Basic Law of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China, the Government of the People’s Republic of China decides that the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change shall apply to the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China.
Denmark

With a territorial exclusion to the Faroe Islands.
Netherlands

For the Kingdom in Europe.
New Zealand

With the following declaration:

".....consistent with the constitutional status of Tokelau and taking into account the commitment of the Government of New Zealand to the development of self-government for Tokelau through an act of self-determination under the Charter of the United Nations, this ratification shall not extend to Tokelau unless and until a Declaration to this effect is lodged by the Government of New Zealand with the Depositary on the basis of appropriate consultation with that territory."
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

By a communication received on 27 March 2007, the Government of Argentina notified the Secretary-General of the following:

The Argentine Republic objects to the extension of the territorial application to the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change of 11 December 1997 with respect to the Malvinas Islands, which was notified by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland to the Depositary of the Convention on 7 March 2007.

The Argentine Republic reaffirms its sovereignty over the Malvinas Islands, the South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands and the surrounding maritime spaces, which are an integral part of its national territory, and recalls that the General Assembly of the United Nations adopted resolutions 2065 (XX), 3160 (XXVIII), 31/49, 37/9, 38/12, 39/6, 40/21, 41/40, 42/19 and 43/25, which recognize the existence of a dispute over sovereignty and request the Governments of the Argentine Republic and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland to initiate negotiations with a view to finding the means to resolve peacefully and definitively the pending problems between both countries, including all aspects on the future of the Malvinas Islands, in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations.

On 4 April 2006, the Government of the United Kingdom informed the Secretary-General that the Protocol shall apply to the Bailiwick of Guernsey and the Isle of Man. On 2 January 2007: in respect of Gibraltar. On 7 March 2007: in respect of Bermuda, Cayman Islands, Falkland Islands (Malvinas) and the Bailiwick of Jersey.