Parties comply with their obligations under the Convention through the adoption and implementation of appropriate legislation, policies, and procedures.

Parties support sustainable wildlife trade policies, especially those that increase the capacity of Indigenous peoples and local communities to pursue livelihoods.

Wetland benefits are featured in national/local policy strategies and plans relating to key sectors such as water, energy, mining, agriculture, tourism, urban development, infrastructure, industry, forestry, aquaculture, fisheries at the national and local level.

Wetland functions, services and benefits are widely demonstrated, documented and disseminated.

Enhanced sustainability of key sectors such as water, energy, mining, agriculture, tourism, urban development, infrastructure, industry, forestry, aquaculture and fisheries, when they affect wetlands, contributing to biodiversity conservation and human livelihoods.

By 2029, all important habitats for migratory species listed in CMS Appendices are identified, assessed and monitored to ensure their functionality and ability to support migratory species throughout their life cycles. Explanation: Using best available science and information, actions are taken to ensure that all habitats, sites and ranges for migratory species are identified, assessed and monitored to understand their functions in migratory processes.

By 2029, Parties have mechanisms in place, including national legislation and enforcement mechanisms where relevant, to fully implement the Convention, its Resolutions and Decisions. Explanation: Parties can demonstrate that they have national legislation, policies and plans in place that enables them to fully implement the obligations under CMS, especially Articles III and IV. Furthermore, Parties can provide evidence of comprehensive and effective enforcement of the legislation.

By 2032, the direct mortality of migratory species caused by human- made infrastructure is significantly reduced to levels that are not harmful to species’ viability. Explanation: Steps are taken to eliminate and/or reduce the direct mortality of migratory species caused by infrastructure, including collision, electrocution, disturbance and migratory route deviation. This includes actions to sustainably design and operate such infrastructure and to monitor impacts while in operation.

By 2032, the impact of climate change on migratory species and their habitats is reduced through mitigation and adaptation, including through nature-based solutions and/or ecosystem-based approaches and disaster risk reduction actions, while minimizing negative and fostering positive impacts on biodiversity. Explanation: Actions to eliminate or mitigate the negative impacts of climate change on migratory species are identified. This also includes the research and promotion of conservation and management tools applied to migratory species and the ecosystem services they provide, such as the enhancement of mitigation and adaptation against climate change.

By 2032, CMS provisions are included in relevant national planning processes and policies for the benefit of migratory species and the ecosystem services they provide. Explanation: The Convention’s mandates, provisions and agenda are incorporated into national legislation frameworks and strategies relevant to migratory species (e.g., NBSAPs and NDCs).

By 2032, provisions that support CMS are included and strengthened in other relevant international instruments, policies and initiatives, and in the strategic priorities of relevant stakeholders for the benefit of migratory species. Explanation: CMS mandates, provisions and priorities are taken into consideration in the decisions and initiatives of other environmental and sustainable development-related international instruments, policies and initiatives, including under the UN (e.g., NBSAPs, NDCs), as well as in relevant stakeholder strategic processes.

Ensure that all areas are under participatory, integrated and biodiversity inclusive spatial planning and/or effective management processes addressing land- and sea-use change, to bring the loss of areas of high biodiversity importance, including ecosystems of high ecological integrity, close to zero by 2030, while respecting the rights of indigenous peoples and local communities.

Ensure the full integration of biodiversity and its multiple values into policies, regulations, planning and development processes, poverty eradication strategies, strategic environmental assessments, environmental impact assessments and, as appropriate, national accounting, within and across all levels of government and across all sectors, in particular those with significant impacts on biodiversity, progressively aligning all relevant public and private activities, and fiscal and financial flows with the goals and targets of this framework.