Official name:
Republic of Madagascar
Область:
General Information
| Region | Eastern Africa | |
| Population (000, 2021) | 28 427a | |
| Pop. density (per km2, 2021) | 48.9a | |
| Capital city | Antananarivo | |
| Capital city pop. (000, 2021) | 3 210.4b | |
| UN membership date | 20-Sep-60 | |
| Surface area (km2) | 587 041b | |
| Sex ratio (m per 100 f) | 99.6a | |
| National currency | Malagasy Ariary (MGA) | |
| Exchange rate (per US$) | 3 824.8c |
Economic indicators
| 2010 | 2015 | 2021 | |
| GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$) | 9 983 | 11 323 | 14 105b |
| GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices) | 0.6 | 3.1 | 4.4b |
| GDP per capita (current US$) | 472 | 467.2 | 523b |
| Economy: Agriculture (% of Gross Value Added) | 30.3 | 27 | 24.1b |
| Economy: Industry (% of Gross Value Added) | 18.8 | 19.9 | 23.6b |
| Economy: Services and other activity (% of GVA) | 50.9 | 53.2 | 52.3b |
| Employment in agricultured (% of employed) | 73.4 | 66.4 | 63.8c |
| Employment in industryd (% of employed) | 6 | 8.4 | 9.1c |
| Employment in servicesd (% employed) | 20.6 | 25.1 | 27.1c |
| Unemploymentd (% of labour force) | 4.3 | 1.8 | 1.8c |
| Labour force participation rated (female/male pop. %) | 87.1 / 91.0 | 83.5 / 89.6 | 83.4 / 89.0c |
| CPI: Consumer Price Index (2010=100) | 100 | 140 | 130e,f,g,c |
| Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100) | 103 | 99 | 104b |
| International trade: exports (million current US$) | 1 082 | 2 164 | 2 005d,c |
| International trade: imports (million current US$) | 2 546 | 2 961 | 2 968d,c |
| International trade: balance (million current US$) | - 1 464 | -796 | -963d,c |
| Balance of payments, current account (million US$) | -893 | -256 | -331b |
Social indicators
| 2010 | 2015 | 2021 | |
| Population growth rateh (average annual %) | 2.9 | 2.7 | 2.7c |
| Urban population (% of total population) | 31.9 | 35.2 | 37.9b |
| Urban population growth rateh (average annual %) | 4.9 | 4.7 | ... |
| Fertility rate, totalh (live births per woman) | 4.8 | 4.4 | 4.1c |
| Life expectancy at birthh (females/males, years) | 63.7 / 60.8 | 66.0 / 63.0 | 68.1 / 64.9c |
| Population age distribution (0-14/60+ years old, %) | 43.5 / 4.3 | 41.6 / 4.6 | 39.8 / 5.1a |
| International migrant stocki,j (000/% of total pop.) | 28.9 / 0.1 | 32.1 / 0.1 | 35.6 / 0.1c |
| Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000) | ~0.0k | ~0.0 | 0.3c |
| Infant mortality rateh (per 1 000 live births) | 45.5 | 36.8 | 29c |
| Health: Current expenditurel (% of GDP) | 5.3 | 5.7 | 4.8m |
| Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.) | 0.2 | 0.2n | ... |
| Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP) | 2.8o | 2.2d | 2.8d,m |
| Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.) | 142.4 / 145.0 | 147.3 / 147.3 | 135.2 / 132.9b |
| Education: Secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.) | 29.7 / 31.6o | 38.3 / 38.7d | 35.2 / 34.0b |
| Education: Upper secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.) | 13.6 / 15.6o | 22.1 / 23.8d | 22.1 / 22.2b |
| Seats held by women in national parliaments (%) | 7.9o | 20.5 | 17.9p |
Environment and infrastructure indicators
| 2010 | 2015 | 2021 | |
| Individuals using the Internetd (per 100 inhabitants) | 1.7 | 4.2 | 4.7q |
| Research & Development expenditurer (% of GDP) | 0.1 | ~0.0e,s,n | ~0.0s,t |
| Threatened species (number) | 663 | 965 | 3 664 |
| Forested aread (% of land area) | 21.6 | 21.5 | 21.4m |
| Energy production, primary (Petajoules) | 174d | 209 | 278d,m |
| Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules) | 9d | 10 | 13d,m |
| Tourist/visitor arrivals at national bordersu (000) | 196 | 244 | 384b |
| Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%) | 24.4 | 25.2 | 27.2c |
| Pop. using safely managed drinking water (urban/rural, %) | 28.2 / 7.0 | 33.0 / 8.7 | 38.2 / 9.5c |
| Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural %) | 11.0 / 5.2 | 12.7 / 6.6 | 14.2 / 8.0c |
| Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI) | 4.85 | 6.19 | 5.37b |