Official name:
Венесуэла (Боливарианская Республика)
General Information
| Region | South America | |
| Population (000, 2021) | 28 705a | |
| Pop. density (per km2, 2021) | 32.5a | |
| Capital city | Caracas | |
| Capital city pop. (000, 2021) | 2 935.5c,b | |
| UN membership date | 15-Nov-45 | |
| Surface area (km2) | 929 690b | |
| Sex ratio (m per 100 f) | 96.7a | |
| National currency | Bolívar (VEF) | |
| Exchange rate (per US$) | 10d |
Economic indicators
| 2010 | 2015 | 2021 | |
| GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$) | 393 806 | 344 112 | 134 960b |
| GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices) | -1.5 | -6.2 | -35b |
| GDP per capita (current US$) | 13 846.9 | 11 439.2 | 4 732.8b |
| Economy: Agriculture (% of Gross Value Added) | 5.7 | 6.3 | 5.7b |
| Economy: Industry (% of Gross Value Added) | 51 | 30.5 | 37b |
| Economy: Services and other activity (% of GVA) | 43.4 | 63.2 | 57.3b |
| Employment in agriculturee (% of employed) | 8.3 | 7.4 | 8.4f |
| Employment in industrye (% of employed) | 21.8 | 20.3 | 16.1f |
| Employment in servicese (% employed) | 69.9 | 72.3 | 75.5f |
| Unemploymente (% of labour force) | 7.1 | 7.4 | 9.4f |
| Labour force participation ratee (female/male pop. %) | 49.5 / 78.4 | 49.2 / 76.8 | 45.2 / 74.3f |
| CPI: Consumer Price Indexg (2010=100) | 100 | 772 | 93 584h,f |
| Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100) | 104 | 101 | 91b |
| International trade: exports (million current US$) | 66 963 | 37 236e | 2 164e,f |
| International trade: imports (million current US$) | 32 343 | 40 146e | 414e,f |
| International trade: balance (million current US$) | 34 620 | - 2 910e | 1 750e,f |
| Balance of payments, current account (million US$) | 5 585 | - 16 051 | - 3 870i |
Social indicators
| 2010 | 2015 | 2021 | |
| Population growth ratej (average annual %) | 1.5 | 1.1 | -1.1f |
| Urban population (% of total population) | 88.1 | 88.2 | 88.2b |
| Urban population growth ratej (average annual %) | 1.6 | 1.4 | ... |
| Fertility rate, totalj (live births per woman) | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.3f |
| Life expectancy at birthj (females/males, years) | 77.0 / 69.2 | 77.0 / 69.4 | 76.1 / 68.4f |
| Population age distribution (0-14/60+ years old, %) | 29.9 / 8.4 | 28.4 / 9.6 | 26.5 / 12.4a |
| International migrant stockk (000/% of total pop.) | 1 347.3 / 4.7 | 1 404.4 / 4.7 | 1 324.2 / 4.7f |
| Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000) | 217.4l | 174.9 | 427.3f |
| Infant mortality ratej (per 1 000 live births) | 14.8 | 15 | 25.7f |
| Health: Current expendituree,m (% of GDP) | 6.8 | 5.8 | 3.6n |
| Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.) | ... | ... | 1.7d |
| Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP) | 6.9o | ... | ... |
| Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.) | 101.3 / 104.2 | 99.8 / 102.0 | 96.0 / 98.3d |
| Education: Secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.) | 86.6 / 79.0 | 94.5 / 87.7 | 91.6 / 84.7d |
| Education: Upper secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.) | 77.6 / 66.0 | 85.7 / 74.7 | 86.0 / 75.2d |
| Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.) | 46 | 52 | 36.7n |
| Seats held by women in national parliaments (%) | 17.5 | 17 | 22.2p,q |
Environment and infrastructure indicators
| 2010 | 2015 | 2021 | |
| Individuals using the Internete (per 100 inhabitants) | 37.4 | 64 | 64.3d |
| Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP) | 0.2 | 0.3r | ... |
| Threatened species (number) | 270 | 312 | 765 |
| Forested areae (% of land area) | 53.9 | 52.9 | 52.5n |
| CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita) | 155.6 / 5.5 | 140.8 / 4.7 | 112.6 / 3.9n |
| Energy production, primary (Petajoules) | 7 948e | 7 390 | 4 608n |
| Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules) | 109 | 87 | 59n |
| Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders (000) | 526 | 789 | 427d |
| Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%) | 53.6 | 53.6 | 53.6f |
| Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI) | 0.01 | ... | ... |