The present Act establishes a comprehensive legal framework for regulating greenhouse gas emissions through a quota trading system in accordance with EU Directive 2003/87/EC. It applies to operators in sectors such as energy, aviation, and maritime transport, and sets rules for emission permits, annual quota returns, penalties for non-compliance, and the auctioning or free allocation of allowances. The law also defines administrative responsibilities across ministries, mandates digital communication, allows for automated decision-making, and outlines enforcement mechanisms including fines and permit revocation. It repeals earlier legislation and ensures alignment with updated EU climate policy instruments.