Official name:
Republic of Kazakhstan
المنطقة:
General Information
| Region | Central Asia | |
| Population (000, 2025) | 20 844a | |
| Pop. density (per km2, 2025) | 7.7a | |
| Capital city | Astana | |
| Capital city pop. (000, 2025) | 1 117.6c | |
| UN membership date | 2 March 1992 | |
| Surface area (km2) | 2 724 902b | |
| Sex ratio (m per 100 f) | 95a | |
| National currency | Tenge (KZT) | |
| Exchange rate (per US$) | 525.1d |
Economic indicators
| 2015 | 2020 | 2025 | |
| GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$) | 184 388 | 171 082 | 264 293b |
| GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices) | 1.2 | -2.5 | 4.3b |
| GDP per capita (current US$) | 10 196.0 | 8 782.0 | 13 000.0b |
| Economy: Agriculturee,f (% of Gross Value Added) | 5 | 5.7 | 4.7b |
| Economy: Industryf,g (% of Gross Value Added) | 32.5 | 35 | 34.5b |
| Economy: Services and other activityf,h (% of GVA) | 62.5 | 59.3 | 60.8b |
| Employment in agriculturei (% of employed) | 18 | 13.5 | 12.1b |
| Employment in industryi (% of employed) | 20.6 | 21.3 | 21.6b |
| Employment in servicesi (% employed) | 61.4 | 65.3 | 66.3b |
| Unemployment (% of labour force) | 4.9 | 4.9 | 4.7i |
| Labour force participation rate (female/male pop. %) | 68.0 / 78.0i | 66.5 / 76.4 | 65.4 / 75.2i |
| CPI: Consumer Price Index (2010=100) | 138 | 202j | 314j,d |
| Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100) | 99 | 101 | 101b |
| International trade: exports (million current US$) | 45 954 | 41 874 | 78 255i,d |
| International trade: imports (million current US$) | 30 567 | 22 158 | 57 512i,d |
| International trade: balance (million current US$) | 15 387 | 19 716 | 20 743i,d |
| Balance of payments, current account (million US$) | - 9 980 | - 11 055 | - 3 702d |
Social indicators
| 2015 | 2020 | 2025 | |
| Population growth rate (average annual %) | 1.5 | 1.4 | 1.2a |
| Urban population (% of total population) | 57.2 | 57.5c | ... |
| Urban population growth rate (average annual %) | 1.7k | ... | ... |
| Fertility rate, total (live births per woman) | 2.8 | 3.1 | 3a |
| Life expectancy at birth (females/males, years) | 76.5 / 67.2 | 75.5 / 66.8 | 78.6 / 70.4a |
| Population age distributionl (0-14/60+ years old, %) | 27.7 / 10.6 | 29.2 / 12.2 | 29.1 / 13.5a |
| International migrant stockm (000/% of total pop.) | 1 919.9 / 10.6 | 1 990.3 / 10.2 | 2 089.8 / 10.1d |
| Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000) | 7.8 | 8.5 | 74.2n,d |
| Under five mortality rate (per 1000 live births) | 12.4 | 10.1 | 7.7a |
| Health: Current expenditure (% of GDP) | 3 | 3.8 | 3.7o |
| Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.) | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.8b |
| Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.) | 94.9 / 95.2 | 98.3 / 99.6 | 96.4 / 98.7d |
| Education: Lowr. sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.) | 98.0 / 97.4 | 91.1 / 91.7 | 97.2 / 98.6d |
| Education: Upr. Sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.) | 102.8 / 96.6 | 93.3 / 93.8 | 95.6 / 95.1d |
| Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.) | 4.7 | 3.1 | 2.6o |
| Seats held by women in national parliaments (%) | 26.2 | 27.1p | 18.4p |
Environment and infrastructure indicators
| 2015 | 2020 | 2025 | |
| Individuals using the Internetq (per 100 inhabitants) | 70.8 | 85.9 | 92.9b |
| Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP) | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1o |
| Threatened species (number) | 78 | 81 | 98d |
| Forested area (% of land area) | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.3o |
| CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita) | 239.0 / 13.2 | 209.7 / 10.8 | 221.9 / 11.1o |
| Energy production, primary (Petajoules) | 6 812 | 6 650 | 6 753o |
| Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules) | 176 | 142 | 145o |
| Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders (000) | 6 430 | 2 035 | 4 729o |
| Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%) | 26.5 | 28.2 | 28.2d |
| Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural, %) | 85.3 / ... | 84.4 / ... | 84.3 / ...o |
| Net Official Development Assist. disbursed (% of GNI) | ... | ... | 0.02o |
| Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI) | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.03b |