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    General Information
    Region    Central America
    Population (000, 2021)   4 382a
    Pop. density (per km2, 2021)   58.9a
    Capital city    Panama City
    Capital city pop. (000, 2021)   1 821.7c,b
    UN membership date    13-Nov-45
    Surface area (km2)   75 320b
    Sex ratio (m per 100 f)   100.2a
    National currency    Balboa (PAB)
    Exchange rate (per US$)   1d
    Economic indicators
    2010 2015 2021
    GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)29 44054 09266 788b
    GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)5.85.73b
    GDP per capita (current US$)8 082.013 630.315 728.0b
    Economy: Agriculture (% of Gross Value Added)3.82.92.2b
    Economy: Industry (% of Gross Value Added)20.128.730.6b
    Economy: Services and other activity (% of GVA)76.268.467.2b
    Employment in agriculture (% of employed)17.414.713.7e,d
    Employment in industry (% of employed)18.718.718.8e,d
    Employment in services (% employed)63.966.667.5e,d
    Unemploymente (% of labour force)3.733.8d
    Labour force participation ratee (female/male pop. %)47.1 / 80.050.7 / 79.253.4 / 79.8d
    CPI: Consumer Price Indexf (2010=100)100120120d
    Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)90100104b
    International trade: exportsg (million current US$)10 98711 3481 726e,d
    International trade: importsg (million current US$)16 73710 3758 077e,d
    International trade: balanceg (million current US$)- 5 751973- 6 351e,d
    Balance of payments, current account (million US$)- 3 113- 4 8481 233d
    Social indicators
    2010 2015 2021
    Population growth rateh (average annual %)1.81.71.7d
    Urban population (% of total population)65.166.768.1b
    Urban population growth rateh (average annual %)2.22.2...
    Fertility rate, totalh (live births per woman)2.62.62.5d
    Life expectancy at birthh (females/males, years)79.3 / 73.580.4 / 74.481.5 / 75.1d
    Population age distribution (0-14/60+ years old, %)29.1 / 9.727.8 / 10.826.2 / 12.6a
    International migrant stocki (000/% of total pop.)157.8 / 4.3184.7 / 4.7313.2 / 7.3d
    Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)17.6j19.3135.3d
    Infant mortality rateh (per 1 000 live births)17.81614.1d
    Health: Current expenditure (% of GDP)7.16.87.3k
    Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)1.41.61.6b
    Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)3.5l3.2m...
    Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)103.1 / 107.094.9 / 97.293.4 / 95.4n
    Education: Secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)73.5 / 69.277.9 / 73.978.3 / 74.1n
    Education: Upper secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)56.3 / 48.362.5 / 55.361.6 / 54.4n
    Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)12.611.99.4k
    Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)8.519.322.5o
    Environment and infrastructure indicators
    2010 2015 2021
    Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)40.1p51.263.6b
    Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)0.10.10.1n
    Threatened species (number)347373497
    Forested area (% of land area)58.2e57.657.1k
    CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)8.6 / 2.49.8 / 2.59.3 / 2.2k
    Energy production, primary (Petajoules)263644k
    Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)394344k
    Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders (000)1 3242 1101 785k
    Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)33.233.233.2d
    Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)0.480.020.11b
Data provided by UNdata