This establishes the State Sanitary Inspection as the public authority responsible for public health protection in Poland. It defines the scope of activities and supervisory duties of the Inspection, including environmental hygiene, occupational hygiene, radiological hygiene, hygiene in education and recreation, hygiene of food, nutrition and cosmetic products, and sanitary standards for medical personnel and facilities. The Act vests preventive and day-to-day sanitary supervision powers in the Inspection, detailing its competencies in approving planning and construction documents, authorising and inspecting facilities, controlling production, transport, storage and sale of food, and overseeing materials in contact with food and drinking water. It sets out obligations for laboratories performing drinking water analyses, establishes national reference laboratory functions, and defines procedures for certifying materials and components in contact with drinking water as well as hygienic attestations for water-treatment chemicals and filter materials. The Act grants the Inspection powers to issue immediate decisions, impose restrictions, secure evidence and samples, and require corrective measures. It also prescribes administrative fees, cost-recovery for testing, and sanctions, including fines and criminal penalties for specified offences.