The Climate Change (Net Zero Future) Act 2023 (NSW) is a legislative framework designed to guide New South Wales in addressing climate change through clear principles, targets, and institutional oversight. Its purpose is to align the state’s actions with the global commitments of the Paris Agreement, aiming to limit temperature rise and enhance climate resilience. The Act acknowledges the scientific consensus on human-induced climate change and the urgent need for action. It establishes long-term and interim targets for reducing net greenhouse gas emissions, culminating in a net zero goal by 2050. To oversee progress, the Act creates the Net Zero Commission, an independent statutory body tasked with monitoring, reviewing, and advising on climate-related strategies, policies, and programs. The Commission is composed of appointed commissioners, including the Chief Scientist, and is supported by public service staff. It operates independently of ministerial direction and is required to consult widely, including with Aboriginal communities and regional stakeholders. The guiding principles embedded in the Act emphasize early action, fiscal responsibility, sustainable development, equity, and the integration of scientific and community knowledge. The Act also mandates regular reporting, including annual reports and responses from the Minister, and allows for the establishment of advisory committees.