This Third Nationally Determined Contribution embodies a strategic shift from emissions reductions measured against a business-as-usual scenario to ambitious, economy-wide absolute emissions reductions, aligned with limiting warming to 1.5°C and achieving net-zero by 2060, prioritising resilience-building, equitable growth, and protecting vulnerable communities, Indigenous People, women, youth and persons with disabilities, creating green jobs, unlocking innovation, and ensuring inclusive prosperity. Therefore, this Contribution represents a roadmap and a blueprint of the path the country will take to meet its net-zero target, while building its resilience through the deployment of adaptation actions. Concerning mitigation measures, the Contribution details the actions taken for each sector and sub-sectors: 1) energy, fuel combustion and electricity generation: increasing the share of renewable energy in electricity generation, increasing transition to improved minimum energy performance standards for energy-efficient air conditioning and refrigeration equipment, replacing coal and other fossil fuels with cleaner alternatives, reducing emission in the transport category, and in commercial, institutional and residential categories, reducing production of charcoal, adopting sustainable practice in oil and gas industry; 2) agriculture: upscaling adoption of ranching for cattle and dairy production, improving manure management system for production of biogas, lowering methane emissions from rice cultivation, adoption of circular economy practices within the Climate Smart Agriculture concept; 3) forest land: increasing sink capacity of national forests while addressing deforestation through reduced wood removal, enhancing preservation and restoration of oceans and coastal ecosystems through conservation of mangroves and coastal wetlands, creation of marine protected areas; 4) waste management: upscaling recycling activities while decreasing solid waste generation at source, adoption of aerated wastewater treatment systems.
The development process of the Third Nationally Determined Contribution provides an inclusive and participatory approach with extensive national stakeholder consultation, plans for implementation and investment strategies, targeted focus on education, citizen participation, public information, social awareness, training, and international cooperation, adaptation measures in the following sectors: water and sanitation services, with flood management and watershed protection, improvement of irrigation techniques; production, supply and distribution of food, with promotion of novel management approaches, improvement of crop production, modernisation of agricultural extension services, improving livestock production systems, reducing losses from pests and diseases, developing climate-resilient fisheries management strategies with fishing limits and quotas to preserve critical fisheries habitats, maintain ecological balance and diversity of fish species; ecosystem conservation measures; protection of cultural heritage.