Official name:
Republic of Italy
Region:
General Information
| Region | Southern Europe | |
| Population (000, 2025) | 59 146a | |
| Pop. density (per km2, 2025) | 199.8a | |
| Capital city | Rome | |
| Capital city pop. (000, 2025) | 4 234.0c,d | |
| UN membership date | 14 December 1955 | |
| Surface area (km2) | 302 068b | |
| Sex ratio (m per 100 f) | 95.7a | |
| National currency | Euro (EUR) | |
| Exchange rate (per US$) | 1e |
Economic indicators
| 2015 | 2020 | 2025 | |
| GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$) | 1 845 428 | 1 907 481 | 2 300 941b |
| GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices) | 0.9 | -8.9 | 0.7b |
| GDP per capita (current US$) | 30 465.0 | 31 838.0 | 38 672.0b |
| Economy: Agriculturef,g (% of Gross Value Added) | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.1b |
| Economy: Industryf,h (% of Gross Value Added) | 22.8 | 23.4 | 25.6b |
| Economy: Services and other activityf,i (% of GVA) | 75 | 74.5 | 72.4b |
| Employment in agriculturej (% of employed) | 3.8 | 4 | 3.6b |
| Employment in industryj (% of employed) | 26.6 | 26.4 | 26.6b |
| Employment in servicesj (% employed) | 69.6 | 69.6 | 69.8b |
| Unemployment (% of labour force) | 11.9 | 9.2 | 6.9j |
| Labour force participation rate (female/male pop. %) | 39.4 / 58.6 | 39.5 / 57.6j | 41.2 / 58.3j |
| CPI: Consumer Price Index (2010=100) | 108 | 110k | 130k,e |
| Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100) | 103 | 100 | 93b |
| International trade: exports (million current US$) | 456 989 | 498 804 | 674 874e |
| International trade: imports (million current US$) | 410 933 | 426 476 | 615 599e |
| International trade: balance (million current US$) | 46 055 | 72 328 | 59 275e |
| Balance of payments, current account (million US$) | 22 759 | 75 097 | 26 760e |
Social indicators
| 2015 | 2020 | 2025 | |
| Population growth rate (average annual %) | -0.2 | -0.4 | -0.4a |
| Urban population (% of total population) | 69.6 | 70.7d | ... |
| Urban population growth rate (average annual %) | 0.3l | ... | ... |
| Fertility rate, total (live births per woman) | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.2a |
| Life expectancy at birth (females/males, years) | 84.7 / 80.2 | 84.5 / 79.8 | 86.0 / 81.9a |
| Population age distributionm (0-14/60+ years old, %) | 13.7 / 28.1 | 12.8 / 30.0 | 11.7 / 32.7a |
| International migrant stockn (000/% of total pop.) | 5 506.2 / 9.1 | 6 223.9 / 10.4 | 6 553.7 / 11.0e |
| Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000) | 142.6 | 284.3 | 489.9o,e |
| Under five mortality rate (per 1000 live births) | 3.4 | 2.9 | 2.5a |
| Health: Current expenditurep (% of GDP) | 8.9 | 9.6 | 8.5b |
| Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.) | 3.8 | 4 | 4.2q |
| Education: Primary gross enrol. ratioj (f/m per 100 pop.) | 100.2 / 100.6 | 102.6 / 102.7 | 103.0 / 104.1b |
| Education: Lowr. sec. gross enrol. ratio j (f/m per 100 pop.) | 103.1 / 105.8 | 103.0 / 105.3 | 101.6 / 102.8b |
| Education: Upr. Sec. gross enrol. ratioj (f/m per 100 pop.) | 99.0 / 99.5 | 99.9 / 100.9 | 99.7 / 99.9b |
| Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.) | 0.8 | 0.5 | 0.6b |
| Seats held by women in national parliaments (%) | 31 | 35.7r | 32.8r |
Environment and infrastructure indicators
| 2015 | 2020 | 2025 | |
| Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants) | 58.1 | 70.5s | 87t,b |
| Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP) | 1.3 | 1.5 | 1.5u |
| Threatened species (number) | 279 | 482 | 599e |
| Forested area (% of land area) | 31.4 | 32.3 | 32.7q |
| CO2 emission estimatesv (million tons/tons per capita) | 322.6 / 5.3 | 268.4 / 4.5 | 291.8 / 4.9q |
| Energy production, primaryv (Petajoules) | 1 509 | 1 462 | 1 336q |
| Energy supply per capitav (Gigajoules) | 105 | 96 | 100q |
| Tourist/visitor arrivals at national bordersw (000) | 50 732 | 25 190 | 49 811q |
| Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%) | 73.7 | 76.4 | 76.7e |
| Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural, %) | 79.4 / 78.1 | 79.4 / 78.1 | 79.4 / 78.1q |
| Net Official Development Assist. disbursedx (% of GNI) | 0.86 | 0.34 | 0.28b |