Official name:
Republic of Nicaragua
Region:
General Information
| Region | Central America | |
| Population (000, 2025) | 7 008a | |
| Pop. density (per km2, 2025) | 58.2a | |
| Capital city | Managua | |
| Capital city pop. (000, 2025) | 1 055.5c | |
| UN membership date | 24 October 1945 | |
| Surface area (km2) | 130 374b | |
| Sex ratio (m per 100 f) | 96.9a | |
| National currency | Cordoba Oro (NIO) | |
| Exchange rate (per US$) | 36.6d |
Economic indicators
| 2015 | 2020 | 2025 | |
| GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$) | 12 757 | 12 682 | 17 829b |
| GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices) | 4.8 | -1.8 | 4.6b |
| GDP per capita (current US$) | 2 074.0 | 1 932.0 | 2 613.0b |
| Economy: Agriculture (% of Gross Value Added) | 17.8 | 17.4 | 17.2b |
| Economy: Industry (% of Gross Value Added) | 28.5 | 28.2 | 30.7b |
| Economy: Services and other activity (% of GVA) | 53.7 | 54.3 | 52.1b |
| Employment in agriculturee (% of employed) | 31.2 | 28.7 | 27.7b |
| Employment in industrye (% of employed) | 17.7 | 18.1 | 18.1b |
| Employment in servicese (% employed) | 51.1 | 53.3 | 54.2b |
| Unemployment (% of labour force) | 4.7 | 6.2e | 4.5e |
| Labour force participation ratee (female/male pop. %) | 48.4 / 83.0 | 48.0 / 81.7 | 50.2 / 81.6 |
| CPI: Consumer Price Index (2010=100) | 137 | 169 | 222d |
| Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100) | 97 | 124 | 122b |
| International trade: exports (million current US$) | 4 667 | 5 087 | 7 669e,d |
| International trade: imports (million current US$) | 5 866 | 6 545 | 12 253e,d |
| International trade: balance (million current US$) | - 1 199 | - 1 458 | - 4 584e,d |
| Balance of payments, current account (million US$) | - 1 260 | 480 | 818d |
Social indicators
| 2015 | 2020 | 2025 | |
| Population growth rate (average annual %) | 1.4 | 1.2 | 1.3a |
| Urban population (% of total population) | 57.9 | 58.8c | ... |
| Urban population growth rate (average annual %) | 1.5f | ... | ... |
| Fertility rate, total (live births per woman) | 2.4 | 2.3 | 2.2a |
| Life expectancy at birth (females/males, years) | 75.6 / 70.1 | 74.0 / 67.6 | 77.7 / 72.6a |
| Population age distributiong (0-14/60+ years old, %) | 32.2 / 7.0 | 30.4 / 7.7 | 28.3 / 8.5a |
| International migrant stockh (000/% of total pop.) | 40.3 / 0.7 | 42.2 / 0.6 | 43.8 / 0.6d |
| Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000) | 0.4 | 1 | 1b |
| Under five mortality rate (per 1000 live births) | 19.4 | 16.2 | 12.8a |
| Health: Current expendituree,i (% of GDP) | 8 | 8.6 | 9j |
| Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.) | 0.9 | 0.7k | ... |
| Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.) | 107.2 / 110.5 | 108.0 / 111.7 | 108.0 / 111.0b |
| Education: Lowr. sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.) | 83.0 / 80.4l | ... / ... | 75.7 / 71.8b |
| Education: Upr. Sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.) | 61.7 / 50.2l | ... / ... | 63.0 / 66.5b |
| Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.) | 8.5 | 7.9c | 11.3m |
| Seats held by women in national parliaments (%) | 39.1 | 47.2n | 55n |
Environment and infrastructure indicators
| 2015 | 2020 | 2025 | |
| Individuals using the Internete (per 100 inhabitants) | 19.7 | 42.2 | 58.2b |
| Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP) | 0.1o | ... | ... |
| Threatened species (number) | 141 | 161 | 321d |
| Forested area (% of land area) | 32.5 | 28.3 | 26.7j |
| CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita) | 5.2 / 0.8 | 4.5 / 0.7 | 5.0 / 0.7j |
| Energy production, primary (Petajoules) | 88 | 94 | 99e,j |
| Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules) | 26 | 25 | 26j |
| Tourist/visitor arrivals at national bordersp (000) | 1 386 | 384 | 818j |
| Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%) | 67.9 | 67.9 | 67.9d |
| Pop. using safely managed drinking water (urban/rural, %) | 67.2 / 38.6 | 67.3 / 38.5 | ... / ... |
| Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI) | 3.73 | 3.88 | 3.44b |