Official name:
Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal
Region:
General Information
| Region | Southern Asia | |
| Population (000, 2025) | 29 618a | |
| Pop. density (per km2, 2025) | 201.2a | |
| Capital city | Kathmandu | |
| Capital city pop. (000, 2025) | 1 376.1c,d | |
| UN membership date | 14 December 1955 | |
| Surface area (km2) | 147 181b | |
| Sex ratio (m per 100 f) | 91.2a | |
| National currency | Nepalese Rupee (NPR) | |
| Exchange rate (per US$) | 135.7e |
Economic indicators
| 2015 | 2020 | 2025 | |
| GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$) | 23 667 | 32 859 | 40 484b |
| GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices) | 4 | -2.4 | 2b |
| GDP per capita (current US$) | 851 | 1 134.0 | 1 363.0b |
| Economy: Agriculturef,g (% of Gross Value Added) | 29.4 | 25.2 | 23.9b |
| Economy: Industryf,h (% of Gross Value Added) | 14.6 | 13.7 | 13.6b |
| Economy: Services and other activityf,i (% of GVA) | 56 | 61.2 | 62.5b |
| Employment in agriculturej (% of employed) | 64.7 | 62.1 | 61.2b |
| Employment in industryj (% of employed) | 16 | 17.4 | 17.6b |
| Employment in servicesj (% employed) | 19.3 | 20.6 | 21.2b |
| Unemploymentj (% of labour force) | 10.6 | 13 | 10.7 |
| Labour force participation ratej (female/male pop. %) | 27.0 / 55.3 | 27.2 / 53.3 | 27.7 / 53.6 |
| CPI: Consumer Price Index (2010=100) | 104k | 81l | 102l,e |
| Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100) | 97 | 120 | 121b |
| International trade: exportsm (million current US$) | 660 | 855 | 1 231j,e |
| International trade: importsm (million current US$) | 6 612 | 9 745 | 13 104j,e |
| International trade: balancem (million current US$) | - 5 952 | - 8 890 | - 11 873j,e |
| Balance of payments, current account (million US$) | 2 447 | -84 | 1 954e |
Social indicators
| 2015 | 2020 | 2025 | |
| Population growth rate (average annual %) | 0.7 | 1.8 | -0.1a |
| Urban population (% of total population) | 18.6 | 20.2d | ... |
| Urban population growth rate (average annual %) | 3.2n | ... | ... |
| Fertility rate, total (live births per woman) | 2.3 | 2.1 | 1.9a |
| Life expectancy at birth (females/males, years) | 68.6 / 66.1 | 70.8 / 67.5 | 72.4 / 69.3a |
| Population age distributiono (0-14/60+ years old, %) | 33.0 / 8.4 | 30.1 / 9.1 | 28.1 / 9.7a |
| International migrant stockp (000/% of total pop.) | 509.5 / 1.8 | 487.6 / 1.7 | 470.7 / 1.6e |
| Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000) | 36.8 | 20.1 | 20.4q,e |
| Under five mortality rate (per 1000 live births) | 40.3 | 30.3 | 23.5a |
| Health: Current expenditurer (% of GDP) | 5.5 | 5.2 | 6.7s |
| Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.) | 0.6t | 0.9 | 1b |
| Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.) | 149.8 / 137.6 | 124.8 / 119.2 | 124.5 / 124.7e |
| Education: Lowr. sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.) | 98.4 / 90.7 | 104.1 / 100.4 | 107.8 / 107.5e |
| Education: Upr. Sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.) | 51.1 / 48.8j | 75.7 / 70.8 | 78.7 / 76.7e |
| Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.) | 2.1 | 2.1 | ... |
| Seats held by women in national parliaments (%) | 29.5 | 32.7u | 33.4u |
Environment and infrastructure indicators
| 2015 | 2020 | 2025 | |
| Individuals using the Internetj (per 100 inhabitants) | 17.6 | 38.9 | 55.8b |
| Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP) | 0.3v,w,x | ... | ... |
| Threatened species (number) | 105 | 109 | 137e |
| Forested area (% of land area) | 41.6 | 41.6 | 41.6s |
| CO2 emission estimatesy (million tons/tons per capita) | 5.6 / 0.2 | 12.9 / 0.4 | 15.7 / 0.5s |
| Energy production, primaryy (Petajoules) | 416 | 453 | 475j,s |
| Energy supply per capitay (Gigajoules) | 18 | 22 | 23j,s |
| Tourist/visitor arrivals at national bordersz (000) | 539 | 230 | 615s |
| Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%) | 51.7 | 51.7 | 51.7e |
| Pop. using safely managed drinking water (urban/rural, %) | 33.0 / 23.8 | 24.8 / 15.9 | 23.2 / 14.2s |
| Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural, %) | 35.4 / 37.6 | 43.0 / 49.7 | 44.6 / 52.2s |
| Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI) | 4.96 | 5.2 | 2.84b |