This Act principally makes provision for internal and external "biosecurity controls", i.e. control of importation and exportation of plants and animals and plant and animal products, and measures to prevent or limit pests and diseases affecting plants or animals. The Cabinet may make Regulations to - prohibit the importation of pest or disease; prohibit or regulate the importation of a living modified organism (LMO); prohibit or restrict the importation or exportation of items posing a biosecurity risk; regulate pests, diseases, and LMOs already present in Niue. The Act regulates biosecurity controls relating to arrivals, departures, and transits. Internal biosecurity controls can be pest and disease surveys, internal control of prohibited pests and diseases, LMOs, etc by a biosecurity officers, internal control of prohibited pests and diseases, LMOs, etc, declaration of controlled infested area, management of controlled infested area, declaration and management of pest-free area, destruction of (wild) animals, declaration of notifiable pests and diseases, release of beneficial organisms and biocontrol agents, declaration and management of a biosecurity emergency.
The Act establishes the Niue Biosecurity Authority and defines its functions. It also defines powers of biosecurity officers. The Minister may designate certain areas as biosecurity holding areas. The Biosecurity Authority must keep a register containing specified information.