Official name:
Republic of Ghana
المنطقة:
General Information
| Region | Western Africa | |
| Population (000, 2021) | 31 732a | |
| Pop. density (per km2, 2021) | 139.5a | |
| Capital city | Accra | |
| Capital city pop. (000, 2021) | 2 475.2b | |
| UN membership date | 08-Mar-57 | |
| Surface area (km2) | 238 537b | |
| Sex ratio (m per 100 f) | 102.8a | |
| National currency | Ghana Cedi (GHS) | |
| Exchange rate (per US$) | 5.8c |
Economic indicators
| 2010 | 2015 | 2021 | |
| GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$) | 42 587 | 49 182 | 66 999b |
| GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices) | 7.9 | 2.2 | 6.5b |
| GDP per capita (current US$) | 1 718.6 | 1 766.0 | 2 202.6b |
| Economy: Agricultured (% of Gross Value Added) | 28.9 | 22.1 | 18.5b |
| Economy: Industrye,f (% of Gross Value Added) | 28.2 | 34.6 | 34.2b |
| Economy: Services and other activityg (% of GVA) | 43 | 43.2 | 47.2b |
| Employment in agriculture (% of employed) | 50.2h | 35.2 | 28.5h,c |
| Employment in industry (% of employed) | 13.7h | 18.7 | 22.2h,c |
| Employment in services (% employed) | 36.1h | 46.1 | 49.4h,c |
| Unemploymenth (% of labour force) | 5.3 | 6.8 | 4.5c |
| Labour force participation rateh (female/male pop. %) | 66.9 / 73.3 | 63.5 / 72.5 | 63.5 / 71.8c |
| CPI: Consumer Price Index (2010=100) | 100 | 176 | 273c |
| Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100) | 84 | 100 | 118b |
| International trade: exportsi (million current US$) | 5 233 | 13 756 | 16 385h,c |
| International trade: importsi (million current US$) | 8 057 | 14 687 | 9 252h,c |
| International trade: balancei (million current US$) | - 2 824 | -932 | 7 134h,c |
| Balance of payments, current account (million US$) | - 2 747 | - 2 824 | - 1 864b |
Social indicators
| 2010 | 2015 | 2021 | |
| Population growth ratej (average annual %) | 2.5 | 2.3 | 2.2c |
| Urban population (% of total population) | 50.7 | 54.1 | 56.7b |
| Urban population growth ratej (average annual %) | 4 | 3.6 | ... |
| Fertility rate, totalj (live births per woman) | 4.4 | 4.2 | 3.9c |
| Life expectancy at birthj (females/males, years) | 61.1 / 59.2 | 62.7 / 60.9 | 64.7 / 62.6c |
| Population age distribution (0-14/60+ years old, %) | 39.3 / 4.6 | 38.2 / 4.8 | 36.9 / 5.4a |
| International migrant stockk (000/% of total pop.) | 337.8 / 1.4 | 414.7 / 1.5 | 476.4 / 1.5c |
| Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000) | 14.8l | 21.3 | 13.3c |
| Infant mortality ratej (per 1 000 live births) | 53.7 | 44.8 | 35.6c |
| Health: Current expenditure (% of GDP) | 4.7 | 4.6 | 3.5m |
| Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.) | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1b |
| Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP) | 5.5 | 4.5h | 4h,m |
| Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.) | 99.5 / 101.1n | 108.3 / 108.4 | 105.6 / 104.1b |
| Education: Secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.) | 45.7 / 51.7n | 66.1 / 69.6 | 74.6 / 74.7b |
| Education: Upper secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.) | 23.6 / 29.0n | 45.8 / 50.9 | 62.1 / 64.4b |
| Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.) | 1.7 | 1.9 | 2.1o |
| Seats held by women in national parliaments (%) | 8.3 | 10.9 | 14.6p |
Environment and infrastructure indicators
| 2010 | 2015 | 2021 | |
| Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants) | 7.8q,r | 25h,s | 37.9h,o |
| Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP) | 0.4q | ... | ... |
| Threatened species (number) | 202 | 223 | 271 |
| Forested area (% of land area) | 34.9 | 34.6h | 35h,m |
| CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita) | 10.3 / 0.4 | 14.0 / 0.5 | 14.7 / 0.5m |
| Energy production, primary (Petajoules) | 148 | 372 | 539m |
| Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules) | 11 | 12 | 12m |
| Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borderst (000) | 931 | 897 | ... |
| Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%) | 68.9 | 68.9 | 68.9c |
| Pop. using safely managed drinking water (urban/rural, %) | 43.9 / 6.3 | 51.9 / 10.9 | 60.3 / 16.1c |
| Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural %) | 9.4 / 7.8 | 10.8 / 11.2 | 12.1 / 15.0c |
| Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI) | 5.36 | 3.69 | 1.39b |