Official name:
Turkmenistan
المنطقة:
General Information
| Region | Central Asia | |
| Population (000, 2025) | 7 619a | |
| Pop. density (per km2, 2025) | 16.2a | |
| Capital city | Ashgabat | |
| Capital city pop. (000, 2025) | 828.1d | |
| UN membership date | 2 March 1992 | |
| Surface area (km2) | 488 100b | |
| Sex ratio (m per 100 f) | 96.5a | |
| National currency | Turkmen. Manat (TMT)c | |
| Exchange rate (per US$) | 3.5e,f |
Economic indicators
| 2015 | 2020 | 2025 | |
| GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$) | 36 052 | 45 818 | 59 887b |
| GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices) | 3 | 5.9 | 6.3b |
| GDP per capita (current US$) | 5 800.0 | 6 593.0 | 8 132.0b |
| Economy: Agriculture (% of Gross Value Added) | 9.4 | 11.7 | 11.9b |
| Economy: Industry (% of Gross Value Added) | 55.1 | 38.1 | 39.1b |
| Economy: Services and other activity (% of GVA) | 35.5 | 50.1 | 49b |
| Employment in agricultureg (% of employed) | 26.7 | 23.5 | 22.2b |
| Employment in industryg (% of employed) | 31 | 33.2 | 33.7b |
| Employment in servicesg (% employed) | 42.4 | 43.4 | 44.1b |
| Unemploymentg (% of labour force) | 4 | 4.5 | 4.5 |
| Labour force participation rateg (female/male pop. %) | 49.0 / 47.4 | 47.4 / 45.6 | 48.6 / 46.4 |
| Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100) | 97 | 119 | 110b |
| International trade: exportsg (million current US$) | 9 666 | 6 477 | 12 533f |
| International trade: importsg (million current US$) | 6 193 | 3 223 | 3 888f |
| International trade: balanceg (million current US$) | 3 473 | 3 253 | 8 645f |
Social indicators
| 2015 | 2020 | 2025 | |
| Population growth rate (average annual %) | 2.3 | 2.1 | 1.6a |
| Urban population (% of total population) | 50.3 | 52d | ... |
| Urban population growth rate (average annual %) | 2.5h | ... | ... |
| Fertility rate, total (live births per woman) | 3 | 2.8 | 2.6a |
| Life expectancy at birth (females/males, years) | 72.1 / 65.7 | 71.9 / 65.4 | 73.2 / 67.1a |
| Population age distributioni (0-14/60+ years old, %) | 29.7 / 5.9 | 31.2 / 6.8 | 31.2 / 8.2a |
| International migrant stockj (000/% of total pop.) | 196.4 / 3.2 | 194.9 / 2.8 | 193.8 / 2.6f |
| Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000) | 7.2 | 3.8 | 6.3k,f |
| Under five mortality rate (per 1000 live births) | 42.6 | 41.8 | 34.8a |
| Health: Current expenditure (% of GDP) | 5 | 5.6 | 5.4l |
| Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.) | 2 | 2 | 1.9b |
| Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.) | ... / ... | 99.3 / 100.7 | 97.2 / 97.4b |
| Education: Lowr. sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.) | ... / ... | 90.5 / 88.1 | ... / ... |
| Education: Upr. Sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.) | ... / ... | 79.3 / 77.9 | ... / ... |
| Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.) | 1 | ... | ... |
| Seats held by women in national parliaments (%) | 25.8 | 25m | 25.6m |
Environment and infrastructure indicators
| 2015 | 2020 | 2025 | |
| Individuals using the Internetg (per 100 inhabitants) | 15 | 21.3n | ... |
| Threatened species (number) | 49 | 59 | 60f |
| Forested area (% of land area) | 8.8g | 8.8 | 8.8l |
| CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita) | 59.3 / 9.5 | 60.1 / 8.6 | 101.3 / 14.0l |
| Energy production, primary (Petajoules) | 3 407 | 3 251 | 3 580l |
| Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules) | 156 | 143 | 236l |
| Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%) | 14.9 | 14.9 | 15.9f |
| Pop. using safely managed drinking water (urban/rural, %) | 96.4 / 85.1 | 97.1 / 92.3 | 97.1 / 92.3l |
| Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI) | 0.07 | 0.08 | 0.06b |