Official name:
Turkmenistan
Region:
General Information
| Region | Central Asia | |
| Population (000, 2021) | 6 118a | |
| Pop. density (per km2, 2021) | 13a | |
| Capital city | Ashgabat | |
| Capital city pop. (000, 2021) | 828.1b | |
| UN membership date | 02-Mar-92 | |
| Surface area (km2) | 488 100b | |
| Sex ratio (m per 100 f) | 97a | |
| National currency | Turkmen. Manat (TMT)c | |
| Exchange rate (per US$) | 3.5d,e |
Economic indicators
| 2010 | 2015 | 2021 | |
| GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$) | 22 583 | 36 052 | 48 276b |
| GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices) | 9.2 | 6.5 | 3b |
| GDP per capita (current US$) | 4 439.2 | 6 477.9 | 8 124.5b |
| Economy: Agriculture (% of Gross Value Added) | 11.5 | 9.4 | 8.9b |
| Economy: Industry (% of Gross Value Added) | 60 | 57.8 | 60.4b |
| Economy: Services and other activity (% of GVA) | 28.5 | 32.7 | 30.7b |
| Employment in agriculturef (% of employed) | 24.8 | 21.9 | 19.5e |
| Employment in industryf (% of employed) | 39.2 | 41.2 | 42.6e |
| Employment in servicesf (% employed) | 36 | 36.9 | 37.9e |
| Unemploymentf (% of labour force) | 4 | 4 | 4.1e |
| Labour force participation ratef (female/male pop. %) | 51.1 / 76.2 | 51.7 / 78.2 | 51.2 / 78.2e |
| Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100) | 109 | 102 | 95b |
| International trade: exportsf (million current US$) | 3 335 | 3 670 | 4 039e |
| International trade: importsf (million current US$) | 2 400 | 2 596 | 2 808e |
| International trade: balancef (million current US$) | 935 | 1 074 | 1 231e |
Social indicators
| 2010 | 2015 | 2021 | |
| Population growth rateg (average annual %) | 1.4 | 1.8 | 1.6e |
| Urban population (% of total population) | 48.5 | 50.3 | 52b |
| Urban population growth rateg (average annual %) | 2 | 2.5 | ... |
| Fertility rate, totalg (live births per woman) | 2.6 | 3 | 2.8e |
| Life expectancy at birthg (females/males, years) | 69.6 / 62.2 | 70.8 / 63.9 | 71.5 / 64.5e |
| Population age distribution (0-14/60+ years old, %) | 29.5 / 6.1 | 30.4 / 6.8 | 30.6 / 8.4a |
| International migrant stockh (000/% of total pop.) | 198.0 / 3.9 | 196.4 / 3.5 | 194.9 / 3.2e |
| Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000) | 20.1i | 7.2 | 3.8e |
| Infant mortality rateg (per 1 000 live births) | 54.1 | 46.9 | 43.3e |
| Health: Current expenditure (% of GDP) | 5 | 6.3 | 6.6j |
| Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.) | 2.3 | 2.2k | ... |
| Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP) | ... | 3l | ... |
| Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.) | ... / ... | ... / ... | 116.8 / 119.0b |
| Education: Secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.) | ... / ... | ... / ... | 88.8 / 90.5b |
| Education: Upper secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.) | ... / ... | ... / ... | 82.5 / 83.5b |
| Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.) | 4.2m | ... | ... |
| Seats held by women in national parliaments (%) | 16.8 | 25.8 | 25n |
Environment and infrastructure indicators
| 2010 | 2015 | 2021 | |
| Individuals using the Internetf (per 100 inhabitants) | 3 | 15 | 21.3o |
| Threatened species (number) | 45 | 49 | 59 |
| Forested areaf (% of land area) | 8.8 | 8.8 | 8.8j |
| CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita) | 56.9 / 11.2 | 69.1 / 12.4 | 69.1 / 11.8j |
| Energy production, primary (Petajoules) | 1 982 | 3 407 | 3 331j |
| Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules) | 187 | 208 | 198j |
| Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders (000) | 8p | ... | ... |
| Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%) | 14 | 14 | 14e |
| Pop. using safely managed drinking water (urban/rural, %) | 91.5 / 72.7 | 96.4 / 85.1 | 97.1 / 92.3e |
| Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI) | 0.21 | 0.07 | 0.05j |