Official name:
Arab Republic of Egypt
Region:
General Information
| Region | Northern Africa | |
| Population (000, 2025) | 118 366a | |
| Pop. density (per km2, 2025) | 118.9a | |
| Capital city | Cairo | |
| Capital city pop. (000, 2025) | 20 485.0c,d | |
| UN membership date | 24 October 1945 | |
| Surface area (km2) | 1 002 000b | |
| Sex ratio (m per 100 f) | 102a | |
| National currency | Egyptian Pound (EGP) | |
| Exchange rate (per US$) | 50.8e |
Economic indicators
| 2015 | 2020 | 2025 | |
| GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$) | 317 745 | 390 414 | 331 590b |
| GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices) | 4.4 | 3.6 | 3.8b |
| GDP per capita (current US$) | 3 190.0 | 3 571.0 | 2 895.0b |
| Economy: Agriculturef (% of Gross Value Added) | 11.3 | 11.7 | 11.2b |
| Economy: Industryf (% of Gross Value Added) | 36.2 | 33.9 | 34.5b |
| Economy: Services and other activityf (% of GVA) | 52.5 | 54.4 | 54.4b |
| Employment in agricultureg (% of employed) | 25.8 | 20.4 | 18.7b |
| Employment in industryg (% of employed) | 25.1 | 28.5 | 28.6b |
| Employment in servicesg (% employed) | 49.1 | 51.1 | 52.7b |
| Unemployment (% of labour force) | 13.1 | 8 | 7.1g |
| Labour force participation rate (female/male pop. %) | 22.8 / 71.0 | 14.6 / 68.5 | 14.9 / 69.7g |
| CPI: Consumer Price Indexh (2010=100) | 157 | 303i | 624i,e |
| Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100) | 101 | 104 | 114b |
| International trade: exports (million current US$) | 21 859 | 29 323 | 44 847e |
| International trade: imports (million current US$) | 73 998 | 70 437g | 94 698e |
| International trade: balance (million current US$) | - 52 139 | - 41 114g | - 49 851e |
| Balance of payments, current account (million US$) | - 17 243 | - 14 236 | - 12 564b |
Social indicators
| 2015 | 2020 | 2025 | |
| Population growth rate (average annual %) | 2 | 1.6 | 1.5a |
| Urban population (% of total population) | 42.8 | 42.7d | ... |
| Urban population growth rate (average annual %) | 2.1j | ... | ... |
| Fertility rate, total (live births per woman) | 3.5 | 2.8 | 2.7a |
| Life expectancy at birth (females/males, years) | 72.5 / 67.8 | 72.0 / 67.7 | 74.2 / 69.8a |
| Population age distributionk (0-14/60+ years old, %) | 34.1 / 6.9 | 33.5 / 7.6 | 31.6 / 8.4a |
| International migrant stockl (000/% of total pop.) | 499.3 / 0.5 | 602.5 / 0.6 | 1 139.8 / 1.0e |
| Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000) | 256.4 | 328.8 | 682.9m,e |
| Under five mortality rate (per 1000 live births) | 23.4 | 19.4 | 15.4a |
| Health: Current expendituren (% of GDP) | 5.1 | 4.2g,o,p | 4.7g,q |
| Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.) | 0.8 | 0.7 | ... |
| Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.) | 89.1 / 90.8r | 95.6 / 95.7 | 95.9 / 95.9b |
| Education: Lowr. sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.) | 84.2 / 83.8r | 87.8 / 89.7 | 93.2 / 94.1b |
| Education: Upr. Sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.) | 61.6 / 62.8r | 68.4 / 71.4 | 72.1 / 76.8b |
| Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.) | 1.7 | 1.3s | ... |
| Seats held by women in national parliamentst (%) | ... | 15.1 | 27.7 |
Environment and infrastructure indicators
| 2015 | 2020 | 2025 | |
| Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants) | 37.8u | 71.9v | 72.7g,b |
| Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP) | 0.7 | 0.9 | 1q |
| Threatened species (number) | 141 | 172 | 292e |
| Forested area (% of land area) | ~0.0 | ~0.0 | ~0.0q |
| CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita) | 190.8 / 1.9 | 211.1 / 1.9 | 214.5 / 1.9q |
| Energy production, primaryw (Petajoules) | 2 991 | 3 794 | 3 661q |
| Energy supply per capitaw (Gigajoules) | 34 | 36 | 35q |
| Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders (000) | 9 328 | 3 677 | 11 724q |
| Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%) | 38.7 | 38.7 | 38.7e |
| Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural, %) | 69.9 / 57.9 | 72.6 / 63.1 | 72.6 / 63.1q |
| Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI) | 0.78 | 0.42 | 0.13b |