Official name:
Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
Region:
General Information
| Region | Eastern Africa | |
| Population (000, 2021) | 117 876a | |
| Pop. density (per km2, 2021) | 117.9a | |
| Capital city | Addis Ababa | |
| Capital city pop. (000, 2021) | 4 592.0b | |
| UN membership date | 13-Nov-45 | |
| Surface area (km2) | 1 104 300b | |
| Sex ratio (m per 100 f) | 100.1a | |
| National currency | Ethiopian Birr (ETB) | |
| Exchange rate (per US$) | 39.2c |
Economic indicators
| 2010 | 2015 | 2021 | |
| GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$) | 26 311 | 63 079 | 92 750b |
| GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices) | 12.6 | 10.4 | 8.3b |
| GDP per capita (current US$) | 300.2 | 625.6 | 827.5b |
| Economy: Agriculture (% of Gross Value Added) | 45.3 | 38.8 | 35.5b |
| Economy: Industry (% of Gross Value Added) | 10.4 | 17.5 | 25.9b |
| Economy: Services and other activity (% of GVA) | 44.3 | 43.7 | 38.6b |
| Employment in agricultured (% of employed) | 74 | 69.1 | 65.6c |
| Employment in industryd (% of employed) | 8 | 9.1 | 10.4c |
| Employment in servicesd (% employed) | 18 | 21.8 | 24c |
| Unemploymentd (% of labour force) | 2.3 | 2.2 | 2.1c |
| Labour force participation rated (female/male pop. %) | 73.8 / 88.9 | 73.3 / 87.0 | 73.6 / 85.8c |
| CPI: Consumer Price Indexe (2010=100) | 100 | 205 | 384c |
| Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100) | 82 | 101 | 108b |
| International trade: exports (million current US$) | 2 330 | 2 024 | 2 265d,c |
| International trade: imports (million current US$) | 8 602 | 17 686 | 4 509d,c |
| International trade: balance (million current US$) | - 6 272 | - 15 662 | - 2 244d,c |
| Balance of payments, current account (million US$) | -635 | - 7 567 | - 2 719c |
Social indicators
| 2010 | 2015 | 2021 | |
| Population growth ratef (average annual %) | 2.8 | 2.8 | 2.6c |
| Urban population (% of total population) | 17.3 | 19.4 | 21.2b |
| Urban population growth ratef (average annual %) | 4.6 | 4.9 | ... |
| Fertility rate, totalf (live births per woman) | 5.4 | 4.8 | 4.3c |
| Life expectancy at birthf (females/males, years) | 60.6 / 57.6 | 65.5 / 61.9 | 67.9 / 64.1c |
| Population age distribution (0-14/60+ years old, %) | 44.9 / 5.1 | 42.2 / 5.2 | 39.6 / 5.3a |
| International migrant stockg (000/% of total pop.) | 568.7 / 0.6 | 1 161.6 / 1.2 | 1 085.5 / 0.9c |
| Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000) | 155.4h | 705.7 | 2 519.3c |
| Infant mortality ratef (per 1 000 live births) | 59.8 | 45.8 | 37c |
| Health: Current expenditure (% of GDP) | 5.5 | 3.8 | 3.3i |
| Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.) | ~0.0j | ... | 0.1i |
| Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP) | 4.5 | 4.7 | ... |
| Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.) | 88.0 / 95.2 | 96.1 / 105.8 | ... / ... |
| Education: Secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.) | 31.6 / 38.0 | 34.2 / 35.6 | ... / ... |
| Education: Upper secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.) | 13.4 / 19.1 | 17.4 / 17.7 | ... / ... |
| Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.) | ... | 8.8k | ... |
| Seats held by women in national parliaments (%) | 21.9 | 27.8 | 38.8l |
Environment and infrastructure indicators
| 2010 | 2015 | 2021 | |
| Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants) | 0.8d | 13.9 | 18.6d,m |
| Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP) | 0.2n | 0.6o | 0.3n,m |
| Threatened species (number) | 120 | 145 | 183 |
| Forested area (% of land area) | 15.8 | 15.4 | 15.2i |
| CO2 emission estimatesp (million tons/tons per capita) | 5.8 / 0.1 | 10.0 / 0.1 | 13.1 / 0.1i |
| Energy production, primary (Petajoules) | 1 212 | 1 330 | 1 397i |
| Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules) | 15 | 14 | 14i |
| Tourist/visitor arrivals at national bordersq,r (000) | 468 | 864 | 812b |
| Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%) | 18.1 | 18.1 | 18.1c |
| Pop. using safely managed drinking water (urban/rural, %) | 37.0 / 1.6 | 38.0 / 3.2 | 39.0 / 5.2c |
| Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural %) | 14.0 / 2.6 | 15.0 / 3.4 | 15.9 / 4.1c |
| Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI) | 11.58 | 5.04 | 4.89b |