Official name:
Republic of Poland
Region:
General Information
| Region | Eastern Europe | |
| Population (000, 2021) | 37 797a | |
| Pop. density (per km2, 2021) | 123.4a | |
| Capital city | Warsaw | |
| Capital city pop. (000, 2021) | 1 775.9b | |
| UN membership date | 24-Oct-45 | |
| Surface area (km2) | 312 679b | |
| Sex ratio (m per 100 f) | 94a | |
| National currency | Zloty (PLN) | |
| Exchange rate (per US$) | 3.8c |
Economic indicators
| 2010 | 2015 | 2021 | |
| GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$) | 479 834 | 477 812 | 595 862b |
| GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices) | 3.7 | 4.2 | 4.5b |
| GDP per capita (current US$) | 12 518.6 | 12 562.7 | 15 727.0b |
| Economy: Agricultured (% of Gross Value Added) | 3.2 | 2.7 | 2.7b |
| Economy: Industrye,f (% of Gross Value Added) | 32.8 | 34 | 31.8b |
| Economy: Services and other activityg (% of GVA) | 64 | 63.4 | 65.5b |
| Employment in agriculture (% of employed) | 13.1 | 11.5 | 8.9h,c |
| Employment in industry (% of employed) | 30.3 | 30.5 | 32h,c |
| Employment in services (% employed) | 56.6 | 57.9 | 59.1h,c |
| Unemploymenth (% of labour force) | 9.6 | 7.5 | 3c |
| Labour force participation rateh (female/male pop. %) | 48.3 / 64.3 | 48.8 / 65.2 | 48.3 / 65.1c |
| CPI: Consumer Price Indexi (2010=100) | 100 | 108 | 118c |
| Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100) | 91 | 97 | 103b |
| International trade: exports (million current US$) | 157 065 | 194 461 | 254 169c |
| International trade: imports (million current US$) | 174 128 | 189 696 | 254 660c |
| International trade: balance (million current US$) | - 17 063 | 4 765 | -491c |
| Balance of payments, current account (million US$) | - 26 660 | - 4 347 | 21 067c |
Social indicators
| 2010 | 2015 | 2021 | |
| Population growth ratej (average annual %) | -~0.0 | -0.2 | -0.1c |
| Urban population (% of total population) | 60.9 | 60.3 | 60b |
| Urban population growth ratej (average annual %) | -0.2 | -0.2 | ... |
| Fertility rate, totalj (live births per woman) | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.4c |
| Life expectancy at birthj (females/males, years) | 79.8 / 71.3 | 81.2 / 73.1 | 82.4 / 74.5c |
| Population age distribution (0-14/60+ years old, %) | 15.2 / 19.4 | 14.8 / 22.7 | 15.2 / 26.4a |
| International migrant stock (000/% of total pop.) | 642.4 / 1.7 | 611.9 / 1.6 | 817.3 / 2.2c |
| Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000) | 18.4k | 29 | 17.4c |
| Infant mortality ratej (per 1 000 live births) | 5.7 | 4.4 | 3.3c |
| Health: Current expenditure (% of GDP) | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.3l |
| Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.) | 2.2 | 2.3 | 2.4m |
| Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP) | 5.1 | 4.8 | 4.6m |
| Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.) | 96.1 / 96.9 | 100.3 / 100.0n | 96.3 / 97.4l |
| Education: Secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.) | 95.7 / 96.2 | 105.7 / 109.7 | 110.3 / 113.5l |
| Education: Upper secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.) | 96.8 / 96.1 | 112.1 / 116.6 | 114.3 / 119.6l |
| Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.) | 1 | 0.8 | 0.7l |
| Seats held by women in national parliaments (%) | 20 | 24.1 | 28.3o |
Environment and infrastructure indicators
| 2010 | 2015 | 2021 | |
| Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants) | 62.3p | 68p,q | 80.4b |
| Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP) | 0.7 | 1 | 1.2r,l |
| Threatened species (number) | 37 | 51 | 95 |
| Forested area (% of land area) | 30.5 | 30.8 | 30.9l |
| CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita) | 307.5 / 8.0 | 282.7 / 7.4 | 292.9 / 7.6b |
| Energy production, primary (Petajoules) | 2 809 | 2 843 | 2 613l |
| Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules) | 111 | 105 | 117l |
| Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders (000) | 12 470s | 16 728 | 19 622l |
| Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%) | 84.3 | 87.3 | 87.3c |
| Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural %) | 90.9 / ... | 92.6 / ... | 93.8 / ...c |
| Net Official Development Assist. disbursedt (% of GNI) | 0.08 | 0.1 | 0.13m |