Official name:
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)
Region:
General Information
| Region | South America | |
| Population (000, 2025) | 28 517a | |
| Pop. density (per km2, 2025) | 31.1a | |
| Capital city | Caracas | |
| Capital city pop. (000, 2025) | 2 935.5c,d | |
| UN membership date | 15 November 1945 | |
| Surface area (km2) | 929 690b | |
| Sex ratio (m per 100 f) | 97.6a | |
| National currency | Bolívar (VED) | |
| Exchange rate (per US$) | 10e |
Economic indicators
| 2015 | 2020 | 2025 | |
| GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$) | 343 661 | 105 879 | 139 395b |
| GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices) | -6.2 | -30 | 4b |
| GDP per capita (current US$) | 11 240.0 | 3 722.0 | 4 925.0b |
| Economy: Agriculture (% of Gross Value Added) | 4.6 | 5.2 | 4.1b |
| Economy: Industry (% of Gross Value Added) | 49.1 | 48.4 | 52.3b |
| Economy: Services and other activity (% of GVA) | 46.3 | 46.3 | 43.5b |
| Employment in agriculturef (% of employed) | 6.3 | 11.1 | 10.6b |
| Employment in industryf (% of employed) | 21.3 | 18.7 | 18.5b |
| Employment in servicesf (% employed) | 72.4 | 70.2 | 70.9b |
| Unemployment (% of labour force) | 6.1f | 7.5 | 5.3f |
| Labour force participation ratef (female/male pop. %) | 48.3 / 75.6 | 39.8 / 64.6 | 37.4 / 68.0 |
| CPI: Consumer Price Indexg (2010=100) | 772 | 93 584h | 10 038i,b |
| Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100) | 100j | ... | ... |
| International trade: exportsf (million current US$) | 37 248 | 4 738 | 14 260k |
| International trade: importsf (million current US$) | 40 146 | 9 048 | 19 224k |
| International trade: balancef (million current US$) | - 2 898 | - 4 310 | - 4 963k |
| Balance of payments, current account (million US$) | - 16 051 | - 3 870l | ... |
Social indicators
| 2015 | 2020 | 2025 | |
| Population growth rate (average annual %) | 1 | -1 | 0.4a |
| Urban population (% of total population) | 88.2 | 88.2d | ... |
| Urban population growth rate (average annual %) | 1.4m | ... | ... |
| Fertility rate, total (live births per woman) | 2.3 | 2.1 | 2.1a |
| Life expectancy at birth (females/males, years) | 77.4 / 68.9 | 76.5 / 68.5 | 76.8 / 69.1a |
| Population age distributionn (0-14/60+ years old, %) | 28.2 / 9.9 | 27.8 / 12.5 | 24.9 / 14.7a |
| International migrant stocko (000/% of total pop.) | 1 404.4 / 4.6 | 1 324.2 / 4.7 | 1 263.3 / 4.4k |
| Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000) | 174.9 | 427.3 | 258.1k |
| Under five mortality rate (per 1000 live births) | 18.3 | 18.8 | 17.4a |
| Health: Current expendituref,p,q (% of GDP) | ... | 4.1 | 4.6r,s |
| Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.) | ... | 1.7e | ... |
| Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.) | 99.0 / 100.7 | 94.1 / 96.0e | 116.0 / 111.5k |
| Education: Lowr. sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.) | 98.8 / 93.5 | 91.7 / 86.5e | 113.4 / 103.6k |
| Education: Upr. Sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.) | 84.0 / 72.0 | 82.1 / 70.5e | 85.7 / 78.5k |
| Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.) | 51.2 | 29.5 | 12.6s |
| Seats held by women in national parliaments (%) | 17 | 22.2t | 32.1t |
Environment and infrastructure indicators
| 2015 | 2020 | 2025 | |
| Individuals using the Internetf (per 100 inhabitants) | 58 | 61.6e | ... |
| Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP) | 0.4 | 0.7u,l | ... |
| Threatened species (number) | 312 | 379 | 1 034k |
| Forested area (% of land area) | 52.9 | 52.4 | 52.3s |
| CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita) | 141.4 / 4.6 | 64.9 / 2.3 | 92.3 / 3.3s |
| Energy production, primary (Petajoules) | 7 393 | 2 350 | 2 803s |
| Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules) | 85 | 45 | 61s |
| Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders (000) | 789 | 427e | ... |
| Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%) | 78.5 | 78.5 | 78.5k |
| Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI) | 0.01 | 0.35 | 0.24s |