Official name:
Russian Federation
General Information
| Region | Eastern Europe | |
| Population (000, 2025) | 143 997a | |
| Pop. density (per km2, 2025) | 8.8a | |
| Capital city | Moscow | |
| Capital city pop. (000, 2025) | 12 476.2c | |
| UN membership date | 24 October 1945 | |
| Surface area (km2) | 17 098 246b | |
| Sex ratio (m per 100 f) | 86.5a | |
| National currency | Russian Ruble (RUB) | |
| Exchange rate (per US$) | 89.7b |
Economic indicators
| 2015 | 2020 | 2025 | |
| GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$) | 1 363 482 | 1 493 076 | 2 008 419b |
| GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices) | -2 | -2.7 | 3.6b |
| GDP per capita (current US$) | 9 383.0 | 10 201.0 | 13 809.0b |
| Economy: Agricultured,e (% of Gross Value Added) | 4.3 | 4.4 | 4.2b |
| Economy: Industrye,f (% of Gross Value Added) | 33.2 | 33 | 35.3b |
| Economy: Services and other activitye,g (% of GVA) | 62.5 | 62.6 | 60.5b |
| Employment in agricultureh (% of employed) | 6.7 | 6 | 5.7b |
| Employment in industryh (% of employed) | 27.2 | 26.5 | 26.4b |
| Employment in servicesh (% employed) | 66.1 | 67.5 | 67.9b |
| Unemployment (% of labour force) | 5.6 | 5.6 | 2.9h |
| Labour force participation rate (female/male pop. %) | 55.6 / 71.4h | 54.7 / 69.6 | 53.9 / 68.1h |
| CPI: Consumer Price Index (2010=100) | 152 | 187 | 260i |
| Agricultural production indexj (2014-2016=100) | 100 | 112 | 124b |
| International trade: exportsj (million current US$) | 343 908 | 337 104h | 437 266h,i |
| International trade: importsj (million current US$) | 182 782 | 231 664h | 262 168h,i |
| International trade: balancej (million current US$) | 161 126 | 105 440h | 175 098h,i |
| Balance of payments, current account (million US$) | 67 777 | 35 373 | 62 287i |
Social indicators
| 2015 | 2020 | 2025 | |
| Population growth rate (average annual %) | 0.3 | -0.2 | -0.6a |
| Urban population (% of total population) | 74 | 74.6c | ... |
| Urban population growth rate (average annual %) | 0.2k | ... | ... |
| Fertility rate, total (live births per woman) | 1.8 | 1.5 | 1.5a |
| Life expectancy at birth (females/males, years) | 76.7 / 65.9 | 75.9 / 66.3 | 79.3 / 67.7a |
| Population age distributionl (0-14/60+ years old, %) | 16.9 / 19.9 | 17.7 / 22.4 | 17.0 / 24.3a |
| International migrant stockm (000/% of total pop.) | 9 098.2 / 6.3 | 7 297.6 / 5.0 | 7 605.8 / 5.3i |
| Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000) | 431.2 | 93.5 | 1 319.0n,i |
| Under five mortality rate (per 1000 live births) | 8.1 | 5.7 | 5.1a |
| Health: Current expenditure (% of GDP) | 5.3 | 8h | 6.9o |
| Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.) | 3.9 | 3.8 | 5.1o |
| Education: Primary gross enrol. ratioh (f/m per 100 pop.) | 98.9 / 97.8 | 102.7 / 102.8 | 98.0 / 97.5b |
| Education: Lowr. sec. gross enrol. ratio h (f/m per 100 pop.) | 93.7 / 91.7 | 106.9 / 112.4 | 106.5 / 110.9b |
| Education: Upr. Sec. gross enrol. ratioh (f/m per 100 pop.) | 100.3 / 111.3 | 53.1 / 44.9 | 48.7 / 42.8b |
| Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.) | 11.5 | 7.3 | 6.8p |
| Seats held by women in national parliaments (%) | 13.6 | 15.8q | 16.4q |
Environment and infrastructure indicators
| 2015 | 2020 | 2025 | |
| Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants) | 70.1r | 85s | 92.2t,b |
| Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP) | 1.1 | 1.1 | 0.9o |
| Threatened species (number) | 217 | 279 | 333i |
| Forested area (% of land area) | 49.8 | 49.8 | 49.8o |
| CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita) | 1 571.8 / 10.8 | 1 563.3 / 10.7 | 1 758.5 / 12.1o |
| Energy production, primary (Petajoules) | 56 024 | 58 759 | 60 648o |
| Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules) | 199 | 208 | 230o |
| Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders (000) | 33 729 | 6 359 | ... |
| Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%) | 24.6 | 25.5 | 25.5i |
| Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural, %) | 63.3 / ... | 64.2 / ... | 64.2 / ...o |
| Net Official Development Assist. disbursed (% of GNI) | 0.05u | ... | ... |