Official name:
Kingdom of the Netherlands
Region:
General Information
| Region | Western Europe | |
| Population (000, 2025) | 18 347a,b | |
| Pop. density (per km2, 2025) | 544.9a,b | |
| Capital city | Amsterdamd | |
| Capital city pop. (000, 2025) | 1 140.3e | |
| UN membership date | 10 December 1945 | |
| Surface area (km2) | 41 543c | |
| Sex ratio (m per 100 f) | 98.8a,b | |
| National currency | Euro (EUR) | |
| Exchange rate (per US$) | 1f |
Economic indicators
| 2015 | 2020 | 2025 | |
| GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$) | 775 744 | 932 561 | 1 154 361c |
| GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices) | 2.1 | -3.9 | 0.1c |
| GDP per capita (current US$) | 45 345.0 | 52 876.0 | 63 803.0c |
| Economy: Agricultureg,h (% of Gross Value Added) | 2 | 2 | 1.9c |
| Economy: Industryh,i (% of Gross Value Added) | 19.4 | 19.5 | 20.8c |
| Economy: Services and other activityh,j (% of GVA) | 78.6 | 78.5 | 77.3c |
| Employment in agriculturek (% of employed) | 2.3 | 2.1 | 1.9c |
| Employment in industryk (% of employed) | 16.4 | 16 | 14.1c |
| Employment in servicesk (% employed) | 81.2 | 82 | 84c |
| Unemployment (% of labour force) | 6.9 | 3.8 | 3.5k |
| Labour force participation ratek (female/male pop. %) | 60.8 / 72.3 | 61.7 / 71.3 | 62.7 / 71.9 |
| CPI: Consumer Price Index (2010=100) | 109 | 117 | 142f |
| Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100) | 101 | 102 | 98c |
| International trade: exports (million current US$) | 464 697 | 551 353 | 722 294f |
| International trade: imports (million current US$) | 412 644 | 484 089 | 635 409f |
| International trade: balance (million current US$) | 52 053 | 67 264 | 86 886f |
| Balance of payments, current account (million US$) | 38 157 | 52 392 | 121 825f |
Social indicators
| 2015 | 2020 | 2025 | |
| Population growth rateb (average annual %) | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.6a |
| Urban population (% of total population) | 90.2 | 91.9e | ... |
| Urban population growth rate (average annual %) | 1l | ... | ... |
| Fertility rate, totalb (live births per woman) | 1.7 | 1.5 | 1.4a |
| Life expectancy at birthb (females/males, years) | 83.1 / 79.7 | 83.1 / 79.7 | 84.0 / 80.9a |
| Population age distributionb,m (0-14/60+ years old, %) | 16.6 / 23.9 | 15.6 / 25.8 | 14.9 / 27.7a |
| International migrant stockn,o (000/% of total pop.) | 2 024.1 / 11.8 | 2 425.5 / 13.8 | 2 956.5 / 16.2f |
| Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000) | 92.5 | 108 | 300.3p,f |
| Under five mortality rateb (per 1000 live births) | 3.8 | 4.3 | 3.5a |
| Health: Current expenditure (% of GDP) | 10.3 | 11.2 | 10.1q |
| Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.) | 3.5 | 3.8 | 3.9q |
| Education: Primary gross enrol. ratiok (f/m per 100 pop.) | 105.6 / 106.5 | 104.0 / 104.6 | 103.9 / 104.5q |
| Education: Lowr. sec. gross enrol. ratio k (f/m per 100 pop.) | 97.8 / 101.9 | 131.5 / 138.5 | 128.0 / 133.3q |
| Education: Upr. Sec. gross enrol. ratiok (f/m per 100 pop.) | 138.0 / 129.4 | 142.0 / 133.0 | 153.7 / 139.9q |
| Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.) | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.7c |
| Seats held by women in national parliaments (%) | 37.3 | 33.3r | 39.3r |
Environment and infrastructure indicators
| 2015 | 2020 | 2025 | |
| Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants) | 91.7s | 91.3s | 97c |
| Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP) | 2.1 | 2.3 | 2.3t |
| Threatened species (number) | 29 | 71 | 106f |
| Forested area (% of land area) | 10.8 | 11 | 11q |
| CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita) | 137.3 / 8.0 | 127.1 / 7.2 | 117.8 / 6.6q |
| Energy production, primaryu (Petajoules) | 2 015 | 1 139 | 995q |
| Energy supply per capitau (Gigajoules) | 163 | 164 | 147q |
| Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders (000) | 15 007 | 7 265 | 16 063q |
| Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%) | 75.9 | 79.3 | 79.3f |
| Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural, %) | 97.5 / 97.5 | 97.5 / 97.5 | 97.5 / 97.5q |
| Net Official Development Assist. disbursedv (% of GNI) | 8.91 | 1.46 | 0.81c |