Official name:
Canada
General Information
| Region | Northern America | |
| Population (000, 2025) | 40 127a | |
| Pop. density (per km2, 2025) | 4.4a | |
| Capital city | Ottawa | |
| Capital city pop. (000, 2025) | 1 378.2c,d | |
| UN membership date | 9 November 1945 | |
| Surface area (km2) | 9 984 670b | |
| Sex ratio (m per 100 f) | 98.6a | |
| National currency | Canadian Dollar (CAD) | |
| Exchange rate (per US$) | 1.4e |
Economic indicators
| 2015 | 2020 | 2025 | |
| GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$) | 1 556 508 | 1 655 685 | 2 142 471b |
| GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices) | 0.6 | -5 | 1.2b |
| GDP per capita (current US$) | 43 282.0 | 43 374.0 | 54 517.0b |
| Economy: Agriculturef,g (% of Gross Value Added) | 2 | 2 | 1.9b |
| Economy: Industryf,h (% of Gross Value Added) | 25.8 | 23.9 | 24.8b |
| Economy: Services and other activityf,i (% of GVA) | 72.1 | 74.1 | 73.3b |
| Employment in agriculturej (% of employed) | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.3b |
| Employment in industryj (% of employed) | 20 | 19.5 | 19.2b |
| Employment in servicesj (% employed) | 78.3 | 79 | 79.5b |
| Unemployment (% of labour force) | 6.9 | 9.7 | 6.6j |
| Labour force participation rate (female/male pop. %) | 61.0 / 70.9 | 59.4 / 68.9 | 60.9 / 69.4j |
| CPI: Consumer Price Indexk (2010=100) | 109 | 118 | 138e |
| Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100) | 99 | 113 | 108b |
| International trade: exports (million current US$) | 408 697 | 388 173 | 569 169e |
| International trade: imports (million current US$) | 419 375 | 405 205 | 558 449e |
| International trade: balance (million current US$) | - 10 677 | - 17 032 | 10 720e |
| Balance of payments, current account (million US$) | - 54 696 | - 33 287 | - 11 425e |
Social indicators
| 2015 | 2020 | 2025 | |
| Population growth rate (average annual %) | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.9a |
| Urban population (% of total population) | 81.3 | 81.5d | ... |
| Urban population growth rate (average annual %) | 1.1l | ... | ... |
| Fertility rate, total (live births per woman) | 1.6 | 1.4 | 1.3a |
| Life expectancy at birth (females/males, years) | 83.9 / 79.8 | 83.9 / 79.4 | 85.0 / 80.7a |
| Population age distributionm (0-14/60+ years old, %) | 16.2 / 22.3 | 15.9 / 24.7 | 15.0 / 27.0a |
| International migrant stock (000/% of total pop.) | 8 049.9 / 22.4 | 8 332.9 / 21.8 | 8 805.8 / 22.2e |
| Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000) | 155.8n | 209.4 | 451.8o,e |
| Under five mortality rate (per 1000 live births) | 5.3 | 5.1 | 4.5a |
| Health: Current expenditurep,q (% of GDP) | 10.8 | 13 | 11.2b |
| Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.) | ... | 2.4 | 2.8b |
| Education: Primary gross enrol. ratioj (f/m per 100 pop.) | 99.6 / 100.2 | 97.0 / 96.9 | 94.9 / 94.6r |
| Education: Lowr. sec. gross enrol. ratio j (f/m per 100 pop.) | 100.4 / 101.1 | 105.3 / 103.6 | 103.8 / 102.5r |
| Education: Upr. Sec. gross enrol. ratioj (f/m per 100 pop.) | 123.1 / 121.0 | 115.8 / 113.9 | 113.1 / 110.9r |
| Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.) | 1.7 | 2 | 2b |
| Seats held by women in national parliaments (%) | 25.2 | 29s | 30.9s |
Environment and infrastructure indicators
| 2015 | 2020 | 2025 | |
| Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants) | 90j,t | 92.3u | 94j,b |
| Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP) | 1.7 | 1.9 | 1.6v,r |
| Threatened species (number) | 97 | 173 | 211e |
| Forested area (% of land area) | 38.7 | 38.7 | 39.5r |
| CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita) | 516.9 / 14.4 | 527.8 / 13.8 | 555.0 / 14.3r |
| Energy production, primary (Petajoules) | 19 654 | 21 713 | 23 454r |
| Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules) | 319 | 312 | 321r |
| Tourist/visitor arrivals at national bordersw (000) | 17 977 | 2 960 | 12 824r |
| Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%) | 27.1 | 31.6 | 33.8e |
| Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural, %) | 82.7 / 82.0 | 84.1 / 83.6 | 84.0 / 83.5r |
| Net Official Development Assist. disbursedx (% of GNI) | 0.24 | 0.17 | 0.49b |