Official name:
Republic of Turkey
区域:
General Information
| Region | Western Asia | |
| Population (000, 2021) | 85 043a | |
| Pop. density (per km2, 2021) | 110.5a | |
| Capital city | Ankara | |
| Capital city pop. (000, 2021) | 5 018.0c,b | |
| UN membership date | 24-Oct-45 | |
| Surface area (km2) | 783 562b | |
| Sex ratio (m per 100 f) | 97.5a | |
| National currency | Turkish Lira (TRY) | |
| Exchange rate (per US$) | 7.4d |
Economic indicators
| 2010 | 2015 | 2021 | |
| GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$) | 776 967 | 864 314 | 761 426b |
| GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices) | 8.4 | 6.1 | 0.9b |
| GDP per capita (current US$) | 10 742.4 | 11 006.2 | 9 126.6b |
| Economy: Agriculturee (% of Gross Value Added) | 10.2 | 7.8 | 7.1b |
| Economy: Industryf,g (% of Gross Value Added) | 27.8 | 31.6 | 30.2b |
| Economy: Services and other activityh (% of GVA) | 62 | 60.6 | 62.7b |
| Employment in agriculture (% of employed) | 23.7 | 20.4 | 18i,d |
| Employment in industry (% of employed) | 26.2 | 27.2 | 26.1i,d |
| Employment in services (% employed) | 50.1 | 52.4 | 55.9i,d |
| Unemploymenti (% of labour force) | 10.7 | 10.2 | 12.9d |
| Labour force participation ratei (female/male pop. %) | 27.0 / 69.6 | 31.4 / 71.6 | 33.9 / 72.4d |
| CPI: Consumer Price Index (2010=100) | 100i | 146i | 263d |
| Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100) | 86 | 102 | 111b |
| International trade: exports (million current US$) | 113 883 | 143 850 | 169 658d |
| International trade: imports (million current US$) | 185 544 | 207 207 | 219 514d |
| International trade: balance (million current US$) | - 71 661 | - 63 356 | - 49 856d |
| Balance of payments, current account (million US$) | - 44 620 | - 27 314 | - 37 315d |
Social indicators
| 2010 | 2015 | 2021 | |
| Population growth ratej (average annual %) | 1.3 | 1.6 | 1.4d |
| Urban population (% of total population) | 70.8 | 73.6 | 75.6b |
| Urban population growth ratej (average annual %) | 2.1 | 2.4 | ... |
| Fertility rate, totalj (live births per woman) | 2.2 | 2.1 | 2.1d |
| Life expectancy at birthj (females/males, years) | 76.9 / 69.9 | 78.7 / 72.4 | 80.2 / 74.3d |
| Population age distribution (0-14/60+ years old, %) | 26.9 / 10.4 | 25.6 / 11.5 | 23.6 / 13.5a |
| International migrant stockk (000/% of total pop.) | 1 373.7 / 1.9 | 4 346.2 / 5.5 | 6 052.7 / 7.2d |
| Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000) | 17.8l | 1 985.3 | 3 905.7d |
| Infant mortality ratej (per 1 000 live births) | 16.4 | 11.8 | 8.9d |
| Health: Current expenditure (% of GDP) | 5 | 4.1 | 4.1m |
| Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.) | 1.7 | 1.8 | 1.8m |
| Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP) | 2.8n | ... | ... |
| Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.) | 100.6 / 102.0 | 102.7 / 103.4 | 94.4 / 95.4m |
| Education: Secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.) | 80.5 / 87.9 | 101.5 / 104.2 | 103.2 / 105.7m |
| Education: Upper secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.) | 67.5 / 77.4 | 102.9 / 109.8 | 101.9 / 108.0m |
| Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.) | 4.2 | 2.8 | 2.6m |
| Seats held by women in national parliaments (%) | 9.1 | 14.4 | 17.3o |
Environment and infrastructure indicators
| 2010 | 2015 | 2021 | |
| Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants) | 39.8p,q | 53.7p | 74b |
| Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP) | 0.8 | 0.9 | 1r |
| Threatened species (number) | 150 | 370 | 442 |
| Forested area (% of land area) | 27.4 | 28.1 | 28.5m |
| CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita) | 267.8 / 3.7 | 319.0 / 4.1 | 371.4 / 4.5b |
| Energy production, primary (Petajoules) | 1 355 | 1 317 | 1 671m |
| Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules) | 61 | 69 | 73m |
| Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borderss (000) | 31 364 | 39 478 | 45 768m |
| Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%) | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.3d |
| Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural %) | 69.8 / 64.9 | 74.7 / 72.6 | 78.0 / 79.9d |
| Net Official Development Assist. disbursed (% of GNI) | 0.13 | 0.5 | 0.95r |
| Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI) | 0.14 | 0.25 | 0.09b |